Sodium hydroxyl

All of the solutions were prepared in double-distilled water. Oxalic acid, phosphoric acid (85%), perchloric acid (70%), hydrochloric acid (37%), nitric acid (63%), sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide (30%), ethanol (95.5%), methanol (95%), acetone, chromic oxide, sodium hydroxyl, copper chloride (II), brilliant blue G, glycerol, and dimethyl sulfoxide were provided by EMD Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA). Crystal violet and aluminum foil (99.99%) were bought respectively from Cib Biotech Co (Tehran, Iran) and Kingcheng (Shanghai, China). NaH₂PO₄, Na₂HPO₄, BSA, and MTT reagents were provided by Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). MWCNT (outer diameter: 8–15 nm) was bought from CheapTubes.com (Cambridgeport, VT, USA). Two strains of bacteria containing E. coli ATCC: 25922 and S. aureus ATCC: 25923 as biofilm former were provided by Pasteur Institute of Iran (Tehran, Iran).

Crystal violet and aluminum foil (99.99% Al) were bought from Cib biotech Co (Tehran, Iran) and Kingcheng (Beijing, China), respectively. Oxalic acid, phosphoric acid (85%), perchloric acid (70%), hydrochloric acid (37%), nitric acid (63%), sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide (30%), ethanol (95.5%), methanol (95%), acetone, chromic oxide, sodium hydroxyl, copper chloride (II), Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250, and dimethyl sulfoxide were purchased from Merck Co. (Darmstadt, Germany). NaH₂PO₄, Na₂HPO₄, BSA, MTT reagent, enzymes, Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), alpha-minimal essential medium (αMEM), and FBS were bought from Sigma Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) were obtained from CheapTubes (Cambridgeport, VT, USA). FA was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA) and studied. Presto Blue (PB) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Two strains of bacteria containing Escherichia coli (ATCC: 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC: 25923) were provided by Pasteur Institute (Tehran, Iran) for biofilm formation.