2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl radical dpph reagent

Spelt (Triticum spelta L. cv. Ostro) seeds were obtained from a local mill in the Dolenjska region of Slovenia. The seeds were stored in the dark at 1 °C until analysis. The preparation of the germinated spelt seeds was reported in detail by Mencin et al. [4 (link)].
Methanol (99.9%), formic acid, sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate were from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). 2,2-Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) reagent, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH^•) reagent, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, Trolox, sodium dihydrogen phosphate dehydrate, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, trans-ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid and caffeic acid were from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). All of the chemicals and reagents used for the present study were of analytical quality. Water (Milli-Q; Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) was used to prepare the working solutions.

Methanol (99.9%), formic acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium dihydrogen phosphate dehydrate, sodium carbonate and calcium chloride dehydrate (CaCl₂(H₂O)₂) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) reagent, 2,2-Azino-bis-3-etilbenzotiazolin-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) reagent, Trolox, hydrochloric acid, p-coumaric acid, trans-ferulic acid, caffeic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, gallocatechin, 4-vinylphenol, 4-vinylguaiacol, α-amylase (EC 232-565-6) from porcine pancreas (enzyme activity 5 U/mg solid), pepsin (EC 232-629-3) from porcine gastric mucosa (enzyme activity ≥ 2500 U/mg protein) and pancreatin (EC 232-468-9) from porcine pancreas (4 × USP specifications) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Bile bovine (EC 232-369-0) was from Millipore (ZDA). Potassium chloride (KCl), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), sodium chloride (NaCl), and magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl₂(H₂O)₆) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Ammonium carbonate ((NH₄)₂CO₃) was from Honeywell/Riedel-de Haen (Seelze, Germany). All chemicals and reagents used were of analytical quality. For preparation of working solutions ultrapure water (Milli-Q; Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) was used.