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Exenatide

Manufactured by Bachem
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Sourced in United States, Switzerland

Exenatide is a synthetic peptide-based product used for laboratory research purposes. It serves as an analytical standard for the identification and quantification of this molecule in various scientific experiments and assays.

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Lab products found in correlation

Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions) Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 dpp 4 inhibitor, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Dulbecco phosphate buffered saline (dpbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Lysine, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Proline, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Sucrose, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Trifluoroacetic acid tfa, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Kolliphor hs 15, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Span 80, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Trypsin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Dyngo 4a, by Apexbio (1 mentions) Semaglutide, by Bachem (1 mentions) Polyethylenimine (pei), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Liraglutide, by Bachem (1 mentions) Glucagon, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Labrafac wl1349, by Gattefosse (1 mentions) Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)

7 protocols using exenatide

1

GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Preparation

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Liraglutide (Victoza® pen) was obtained from Cedar Pharmacy (Henderson, NV, www.cedarpharmacy.com) and dissolved in normal saline for use in mouse studies, or in assay buffer for the GLP-1 receptor functional assay. Synthetic human GLP-1 (7–36) and exenatide were purchased from Bachem (Torrance, CA, USA).
Levy O.E., Jodka C.M., Ren S.S., Mamedova L., Sharma A., Samant M., D’Souza L.J., Soares C.J., Yuskin D.R., Jin L.J., Parkes D.G., Tatarkiewicz K, & Ghosh S.S. (2014). Novel Exenatide Analogs with Peptidic Albumin Binding Domains: Potent Anti-Diabetic Agents with Extended Duration of Action. PLoS ONE, 9(2), e87704.
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2

Lipid-Based Nanoformulation for Exenatide Delivery

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Labrafac® WL 1349 (caprylic/capric acid triglycerides) and Peceol® (oleic acid mono-, di- and triglycerides) were provided by Gattefosśe (Saint-Priest, France). Lipoid® S100 (soybean lecithin at 94% of phosphatidylcholines) was a gift from Lipoid GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Kolliphor® HS15 (12-hydroxystearate PEG 660 and PEG 660), Span 80® (sorbitan oleate) and sodium chloride (NaCl) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Exenatide was purchased from Bachem (Bubendorf, Switzerland). Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor was purchased from Millipore (St. Charles, USA). All chemical reagents used in this study were of analytical grade.
Domingues I., Michalowski C.B., Marotti V., Zhang W., Van Hul M., Cani P.D., Leclercq I.A, & Beloqui A. (2023). Exploiting the biological effect exerted by lipid nanocapsules in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of Controlled Release, 356, 542-553.
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3

Characterization of GLP-1 Receptor Ligands

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D-PBS, DMEM, Trypsin, PBS, penicillin/streptomycin, fetal bovine serum (FBS) were from Gibco (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Polyethylenimine (PEI) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Glucagon was from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). GLP-1 (1-37), GLP-1 (7-36), exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, lixisenatide and danuglipron were from either BACHEM (Bubendorf, Switzerland) or MedChemExpress LLC (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA). Dyngo-4A was from ApexBio (Houston, TX, USA). Coelenterazine 400a was purchased from Nanolight Technologies (Pinetop, AZ, USA).
Wright S.C., Motso A., Koutsilieri S., Beusch C.M., Sabatier P., Berghella A., Blondel-Tepaz É., Mangenot K., Pittarokoilis I., Sismanoglou D.C., Le Gouill C., Olsen J.V., Zubarev R.A., Lambert N.A., Hauser A.S., Bouvier M, & Lauschke V.M. (2023). GLP-1R signaling neighborhoods associate with the susceptibility to adverse drug reactions of incretin mimetics. Nature Communications, 14, 6243.
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4

Formulation and Stability of Exenatide Delivery

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Labrafac® WL 1349 (caprylic/capric acid triglycerides) and Peceol® (oleic acid mono-, di- and triglycerides) were provided by Gattefossé (Saint-Priest, France). Lipoid® S100 (soybean lecithin at 94% of phosphatidylcholines) was a gift from Lipoid GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Kolliphor® HS15 (12-hydroxystearate PEG 660 and PEG 660), Span 80® (sorbitan oleate) and sodium chloride (NaCl) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Exenatide was purchased from Bachem (Bubendorf, Switzerland). Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor was purchased from Millipore (St. Charles, USA). All chemical reagents used in this study were of analytical grade.
Domingues I., Michalowski C.B., Marotti V., Zhang W., Van Hul M., Cani P.D., Leclercq I.A, & Beloqui A. (2023). Exploiting the biological effect exerted by lipid nanocapsules in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of Controlled Release, 356, 542-553.
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5

Exenatide and CCK-8 Analogues Protocol

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Exenatide and CCK-8 were purchased from Bachem. AC3174 (an Exenatide analogue), AC170222 (a CCKR1-selective agonist), and AC170236 (a CCKR2-selective agonist) were synthesised at Amylin Pharmaceuticals and provided via MedImmune/AstraZeneca through its acquisition of Amylin Pharmaceuticals as previously described [10 ]. AC187 was purchased from Tocris and used at 100 μg/kg.
Roth E., Benoit S., Quentin B., Lam B., Will S., Ma M., Heeley N., Darwish T., Shrestha Y., Gribble F., Reimann F., Pshenichnaya I., Yeo G., Baker D.J., Trevaskis J.L, & Blouet C. (2020). Behavioural and neurochemical mechanisms underpinning the feeding-suppressive effect of GLP-1/CCK combinatorial therapy. Molecular Metabolism, 43, 101118.
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6

Exenatide-Loaded PLGA Microspheres

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Exenatide was used as a model therapeutic biological material (American Peptide Company Inc., USA). PLGA 50/50 was gifted by Boehringer Ingelheim (Resomer 503H, MW 24,000–38,000, Germany). Sucrose, lysine, proline, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, MW 13,000–23,000) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (USA). β‐Cyclodextrin was supplied by ISP Technologies, Inc. (Wayne, NJ, USA). Dichloromethane (DCM), dimethylformamide (DMF), acetone, acetonitrile (ACN), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were obtained from Merck (Fair Lawn, New Jersey, USA). All other chemicals were of reagent grade and were used without further purification.
Park H., Ha E., Kim J, & Kim M. (2023). Injectable sustained‐release poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres of exenatide prepared by supercritical fluid extraction of emulsion process based on a design of experiment approach. Bioengineering & Translational Medicine, 8(3), e10485.
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7

Formulation and Characterization of Exenatide-Loaded PLGA Microparticles

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Exenatide was purchased from American Peptide Company, Inc. (Sunnyvale, CA, USA). PLGA 50/50 was obtained from Boehringer-Ingelheim (Resomer 503H, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany). Sucrose, lysine, phenylalanine, proline, and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA, M.W. 13,000–23,000) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Poloxamer 188 was kindly supplied by BASF (Lutrol®F68, Ludwigshafen, Germany) and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) was obtained from Corden Pharma (Liestal, Switzerland). Acetonitrile, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and dichloromethane (DCM) were purchased from Merck (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). All other chemicals were of reagent grade and used without further purification.
Park H., Ha D.H., Ha E.S., Kim J.S., Kim M.S, & Hwang S.J. (2019). Effect of Stabilizers on Encapsulation Efficiency and Release Behavior of Exenatide-Loaded PLGA Microsphere Prepared by the W/O/W Solvent Evaporation Method. Pharmaceutics, 11(12), 627.
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