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132 protocols using dca vantage analyzer

1

Metabolic and Inflammatory Markers in Mice

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Body weight, food intake, water intake, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured at 6 and 15 weeks of age. The mice were placed in metabolic cages for 24 h for albumin/creatinine ratio measurement using DCA 2000 microalbumin–creatinine immunoassay cartridges with a DCA Vantage Analyzer (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). Blood HbA1c levels were analyzed using DCA 2000 HbA1c immunoassay cassette and DCA Vantage Analyzer (Siemens Healthcare). Serum tumor necrosis factor 1 (TNFR1) and TNFR2 levels were measured by an ELISA kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, MRT10, MRT20), according to the manufacturer's instructions. At least three to six blood pressure measurements were taken per session in 15‐week‐old mice using a noninvasive tail sleeve and pulse transducer system (BP‐98A; Softron, Tokyo, Japan), which were preheated for 10 min at 38 °C. A standard deviation of < 10.0 was used for blood pressure levels.
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2

Biochemical and Hormone Profile Analysis

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For biochemical and hormone profile analysis, fresh, whole-blood samples (20 mL) were collected from each participant in the morning hours, after overnight fasting. Plasma was isolated using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). For serum isolation, whole blood was previously allowed to clot at room temperature for 20 min. Whole-blood samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for a total of 10 min at a temperature of 4 °C.
Immunoassay was performed via chemiluminescent detection for vitamin B12, total 25(OH)D3, insulin, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S). Insulin levels were assessed using a Human Insulin ELISA kit (ALPCO Diagnostics) with inter- and intra-assay precision below 15%.
The enzymatic method was used to assess blood glucose levels using an Abbot ALinity I analyzer. Ca, P, and ALP concentrations were estimated using Abbot ALinity C Analyzer (Abbott, Abbott Park, Chicago, IL, USA). Androstenedione was analyzed using an Immulite Siemens analyzer (Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany).
HbA1c (%) was assessed with a Siemens DCA Vantage analyzer (Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany).
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3

Occupational Heat Exposure Assessment

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Following the work shift, ~7–12 hours after ingestion of the CorTemp, workers returned to the data collection station and unloaded all external equipment. They were then reweighed in the same clothing as they wore during the preshift weight, prior to ingesting any water or refreshments. A postshift questionnaire was orally administered in Spanish to obtain information on health history and possible social and behavioural risk factors, such as a personal or family history of kidney disease and work history. A second capillary blood sample was obtained to document serum creatinine, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured using a Siemens DCA Vantage Analyzer (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Tarrytown, New York, USA). A single blood pressure was obtained in the seated position using an automated blood pressure cuff (Omron blood pressure monitor, Lake Forest, Illinois, USA). Participants’ BMI, blood pressure, diabetes risk status and blood creatinine level were shared with them at the conclusion of the day, and participants who had abnormal results were referred to local health clinics for follow-up care.
All study procedures were approved by the University of California, Davis Institutional Review Board.
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4

Plasma Biomarker Measurement in Mice

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Plasma PAI-1 antigen was measured either by a Luminex multiplex assay39 (link) or a standard ELISA utilizing anti-murine PAI-1 capture antibody (Molecular Innovations clone H34G6; coating concentration 1 μg/mL) and biotinylated anti-murine PAI-1 detection antibody (Molecular Innovations, ASMPAI-GF-BIO, 1 μg/mL). The Luminex PAI-1 antigen assay detects active, latent, and complexed forms of PAI-1, with the signal generated by tPA-PAI-1 complex being about 25% that of an equimolar amount of free, active PAI-1. Plasma PAI-1 activity was measured using a Luminex multiplex assay.39 (link) Plasma total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured by the University of Missouri Veterinary Diagnostic Lab. Blood samples for lipid analyses were collected after mice had fasted 4 hours. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was measured with a Siemens DCA Vantage Analyzer, per manufacturer’s instructions.
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5

Glucose Homeostasis in Mice

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Blood was collected from the tail vein and blood glucose was measured using glucose strips and the glucometer from the Prima Home Test Multicare-IN meter system (BSI, 895698). Where indicated, mice were fasted for 6 hours from early morning. For measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) Siemens DCA vantage analyzer was used.
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6

Evaluating Insulin Sensitivity Using iHOMA2

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Venous blood samples were collected in the morning following an overnight fast. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured on whole blood at the time of collection using a Siemens DCA Vantage analyzer (Tarrytown, NY). After centrifugation, aliquots of plasma and serum were stored at -80°C until analysis. Plasma glucose was measured by the glucose oxidase method (2300STAT Plus, Yellow Springs Instruments, Yellow Springs, OH). Serum insulin was measured using a chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from ALPCO (#80-INSHU-CH10, Salem, NH). Insulin sensitivity was calculated using glucose and insulin concentrations with the revised integrated homeostatic model of assessment (iHOMA2) [29 (link)].
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7

Serum 25(OH)D and Calcium Measurement Protocol

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Serum 25(OH)D was measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (Quest Diagnostics). This method provides a total 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25 OH-D), which includes 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3. Calcium was measured using a cardiometabolic profile (Quest Diagnostics). Due to different equipment at each site, two accepted methods of hemoglobin A1c were used: one site used the DCA Vantage Analyzer (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics) which uses a fingerstick, and the other used venipuncture with samples sent to Quest Diagnostics. Most importantly, each participant had the same method used for the baseline and final visit. The Block Calcium and Vitamin D Screener was utilized to measure dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium [18 (link)]. Body weight was measured to the nearest 0.1 kg using a Healthometer Professional scale. Height was measured in centimeters using a stadiometer. Body mass index was calculated as the ratio of weight over height squared.
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8

Blood Collection and Analysis in Mice

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Following the dietary/drink intervention and body composition scan, the mice were anesthetized with gaseous isoflurane and blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture. Whole blood was collected and was used to measure glucose by using a point-of-care Accu-Check Performa (Roche, Basel, Switzerland). Blood levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were also analysed immediately after cardiac puncture by using DCA Vantage Analyzer (Siemens, Munich, Germany) as described previously [32 (link)]. Subsequently, blood samples were allowed to clot at room temperature for 30 min and were centrifuged for 10 min at 4000 rpm. Thereafter, the supernatant serum was aliquoted and stored at −80 °C for further analysis.
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9

Screening for Persistent Albuminuria in Pediatrics

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As standard of care, we prospectively collect urine albumin creatinine ratios annually during outpatient well-child clinic visits but acknowledge issues with adherence to annual clinic visits. Among the 91 participants, we abstracted 415 untimed urine albumin to creatinine ratios and defined albuminuria as an albumin to creatinine ratio >30mg/g as measured by a Siemens DCA Vantage Analyzer. To confirm albuminuria in the absence of a first morning void on all participants, we defined persistent albuminuria as two abnormal urine microalbumin to creatinine ratios over three consecutive measurements. For time to event analysis, we identified the age at which the first episode of persistent albuminuria occurred.
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10

Longitudinal Glucose Monitoring in Rats

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Every 2 weeks from 10 weeks to 24 weeks of age, glucose levels were measured using a blood glucose monitoring system (Precision Xceed, Abbot Laboratories, Illinois, USA) from blood samples obtained from the tail vein in the non‐fasting state.
At 25 weeks of age, after all the rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (50 mg/kg, i.p.), blood samples were obtained from the abdominal veins after 9 h of fasting. The animals were then euthanized by an overdose of sodium pentobarbital. Hemoglobin (Hb)A1c was then measured using a DCA Vantage Analyzer (Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics). Serum was obtained by centrifugation (3000 × g for 10 min) at room temperature and stored at −80°C until further analyses. Serum glucose was measured using the Glucose CII‐Test Wako kit (Wako Pure Chemical Industries).
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