Ceftriaxone

Sepsis was established through cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Sham animals underwent laparotomy alone. Per previously published work^{12 (link)}, a 1cm incision was made in the midline of the abdomen and cecum was ligated at 1cm from the end with 4–0 surgical suture. The ligated cecum was perforated by a through-and-through puncture (generating two individual punctures) with a 25-gauge needle and stool was extruded. After the incision was closed, mice were resuscitated with 1ml saline, given buprenorphine (0.1 mg/kg, Reckitt Benckiser Healthcare, Hull, UK) for pain control, and monitored continuously as they awoke from anesthesia following each operation. Ceftriaxone (50mg per kg body weight, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and metronidazole (35mg per kg body weight, Sigma-Aldrich) were also administered immediately after CLP. For survival studies, eligible cancer mice were subjected to CLP and either treated with AMD3100 (n = 19) or same volume PBS (n = 15) as septic control 1h after abdominal closure. Antibiotics were continued on a q12hr dosing schedule for 48 hours postoperatively. Mice were observed every 12 hours during the 7-day period and survival rates were recorded. All procedures follow the recommendations of the international expert consensus initiative for minimum quality threshold in pre-clinical sepsis studies (MQTiPSS).^{16 (link)}