Acetonitrile

BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole) and DPPH^• (2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co (St Louis, MO, USA). Porcine trypsin was purchased from Roche (Barcelona, Spain). Tripan blue, dimetilsulfoxide (DMSO), “Minimum Essential Medium Eagle (MEM)” and RPMI-1640 culture media, mix of antibiotics and antimycotic, sodium piruvate, sodium bicarbonate, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), dichlorofluorescein diacetate, cisplatin, and potassium dichromate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from T.D.I. (Madrid, Spain). The phenolic standards eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside, naringenin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, quercetin-7-O-rutinoside, rosmarinic acid, and verbascoside were obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay Cedex, France). Ascorbic acid, formic acid and ethanol were purchased from Panreac (Barcelona). n-Hexane, methanol and acetonitrile, all with HPLC purity, were purchased from Lab-Scan (Lisbon, Portugal).

Rosmarinic acid and the 7-O-glucoside derivatives of apigenin, luteolin, eriodyctiol, quinic acid, caffeic acid, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-O-hydroxybenzoic acid, salvianolic acid B, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and 4-O-coumaric acid were obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay Cedex, France). Trolox, sulforhodamine B (SRB), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, acetic acid, ellipticine, trypan blue, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), Tris, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), carnosol, nisin, ascorbic acid, and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co (St Louis, MO, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), L-glutamine, trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), penicillin/streptomycin solution (100 U/mL and 100 mg/mL, respectively), Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 Medium and Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) were from Hyclone (Logan, Utah, UT, USA). The Griess reagent system was purchased from Promega Corporation (Madison, WI, USA). Mueller-Hinton agar was from VWR (Prolabo Chemicals, USA); formic acid and ethanol was from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). n-Hexane, methanol, and acetonitrile were purchased from Lab-Scan (Lisbon, Portugal). Purified water was obtained from a Direct-Q^® water purification system (Merck Life Science, Darmstadt, Germany).

Rosmarinic acid, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside and eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside were obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Gallic acid, nisin, ascorbic acid and 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol and the fatty acids methyl ester (FAME) reference standard mixture 37 (fatty acids C4 to C24; standard 47885-U) from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA) were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co (St. Louis, MO, USA). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, Na₂CO₃, formic acid and ethanol were purchased from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). n-hexane, methanol, and acetonitrile with HPLC purity were purchased from Lab-Scan (Lisbon, Portugal). Mueller–Hinton agar was obtained from VWR, Prolabo Chemicals (Radnor, PA, USA). Water was treated in a Direct-Q ^® water purification system (Merck Life Science, Darmstadt, Germany).

Rosmarinic acid, carvacrol, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, and eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Methanol, n-hexane, and acetonitrile with HPLC purity were obtained from Lab-Scan (Lisbon, Portugal). Water was treated in a Direct-Q^® water purification system (Merck Life Science, Darmstadt, Germany). Folin-Ciocalteu reagent was obtained from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain), sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), aluminum chloride (AlCl₃), gallic acid, rutin, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), lyophilized acetylcholinesterase (AChE, from electric eel, type VI-S), Iodure acetylthiocholine, DTNB 5,5′-dithio-bis-[2-nitrobenzoic acid] (DTNB), and Donepezil were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The 2,4,6-tripyridyls-triazine (TPTZ) and β-carotene were obtained from Fluka (Munich, Germany). Tryptic soy broth was purchased from Scharlau Microbiology (Barcelona, Spain).

Rice wine (Zhejiang Pagoda Band Shaoxing Rice Wine Co., Ltd, China; 15 % alcohol) was purchased from a supermarket in Hong Kong, China. Ferulic acid (1) was purchased from the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China). The chemical standards of senkyunolide I (2), senkyunolide H (3), senkyunolide A (4), Z-ligustilide (5) and levistolide A (6) used in the current study were isolated from RC in our laboratory [11 (link)].
Acetonitrile and formic acid were purchased in liquid chromatography grade from Lab-scan (Bangkok, Thailand). The methanol used for the extraction of the samples was also purchased from Lab-scan. Deionized water was generated using a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).

Acetazolamide (ACZ) and polyethylene glycol (PEG8000) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Madrid, Spain). Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), sodium acetate, sodium hydroxide, and dichloromethane (DCM) were obtained from Panreac (Madrid, Spain). Acetonitrile and glacial acetic acid were purchased from Lab-Scan (Gliwice, Poland). Propylene glycol (PG) was purchased from Abaran Materias Primas S.L. (Madrid, Spain). Ultrapure water was produced in the laboratory by a Milli-Q Water Purification System (Millipore Iberica SA, Madrid, Spain).

All solvent used in this study were of analytical or LC-MS grade purity (depending on if they were used for the extraction or chromatographic analysis) and used without further purification. Acetonitrile and acetic acid were purchased from Lab-Scan (Dublin, Ireland) and Panreac (Barcelona, Spain), respectively. Methanol and n-hexane were obtained from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). Double-deionized water with conductivity of 18.2 MΩ was purified with a Milli-Q-system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Standards of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), Hyt, Ty, Lut, Apig, p-coum, and QA were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and Pin was acquired from Arbo Nova (Turku, Finland). Oleuropein was purchased from Extrasynthese (Lyon, France).