Is50 ft ir

FTIR was used to investigate the possible interaction between POSS^® nanoparticles with the composite membranes. The IR spectroscopy experiments were carried out with a FTIR spectrometer (iS50 FT-IR, Nicolet, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) with a smart endurance reflection cell.

Raman spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were performed on Thermo Scientific-Nicolet 6700 Raman Spectroscope and iS50 FT-IR (Bangalore, India), respectively. Surface morphology was visualized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental composition was analyzed via energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) on ZEISS EVO SEM coupled with SmartSEM software (Germany). Cyclic and differential pulse voltametric experiments were carried out on PalmSens4 potentiostat from PalmSens (The Netherlands).

PL and UV-vis absorption spectra were characterized by Horiba Duetta. The time-resolved PL spectra were obtained with a Horiba FluoroMax with a 455 nm laser. A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image was performed by using a Japan Hitachi HT7700. The Raman spectrum was achieved by an Anton-Paar Cora 5001 with 785 nm of laser wavelength. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum was characterized with a Thermo Scientific iS50 FT-IR. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum was acquired using a Thermo ESCALAB 250Xi spectrometer. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a powerful tool used to monitor particle size evolutions. Aβ_1–42 peptides were mixed with 6 mg/mL N-CDs incubated for 24 h at 37 °C and then the size distribution was measured by a ZetasizerNano ZS nanoparticle size analyzer (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Malvern, UK). Aβ_1–42 solutions incubated with PBS were also utilized as controls. After measuring the effect of N-CDs on Aβ_1–42 fibrosis by ThT and DLS as shown previously, the morphologies of the Aβ_1–42 aggregates incubated with or without N-CDs were observed and visualized by TEM (Japan Hitachi HT7700, Japan, Tokyo).

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FTIR spectra were acquired on a Thermo Scientific iS50 FTIR with ATR attachment. Absorption spectra were collected by obtaining 64 scans at autogain with a resolution of 2 cm⁻¹. X-ray diffractograms were obtained using a Bruker D8 Discover XRD system. Cu-Kα X-ray generator with a wavelength of 1.54184 Å at a voltage 40 kV and 40 mA current was used. Surface and morphological analyses were conducted using a Zeiss Ultra Plus field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray detector for elemental analysis. Powder sample was dispersed in formic acid to obtain a 0.1% (w/w) suspension, which was spin coated on silicon wafer to make the surface fairly conductive without using gold/carbon sputtering. Secondary electron (SE) detector images were obtained to analyse the morphology of the nanoparticles obtained. Raman analysis was performed on a Renishaw Invia-Raman microscope by using either 532 or 785 nm laser sources. Ca/P atomic ratio was determined by XRF using a Bruker Tiger S8 instrument.