Optical rotations were measured on a JASCO P-200 polarimeter (Tokyo, Japan). The UV spectra were recorded in methanol using a Shimadzu UV-260 spectrophotometer (Kyoto, Japan). The ECD spectra were measured by a JASCO J-810 spectrometer (Tokyo, Japan). The IR measurements were performed on a Perkin-Elmer 683 spectrometer. The NMR experiments were conducted on Bruker Avance III-600 MHz spectrometers in CDCl3 and DMSO-d6. The HR ESIMS data were acquired using a Thermo Fisher Q-Exactive mass spectrometer (Boston, USA). Column chromatography (CC) separations were carried out by using silica gel (300–400 mesh; Qingdao Haiyang Chemical Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China), and ODS RP-C18 (40–63 μm, FuJi, Aichi, Japan). An Agilent 1260 series system (California, USA) with an COSMOSIL 5C18-MS-II (5 μm, 4.6 mm i.d. × 150 mm, Kyoto, Japan) column was used for HPLC analysis. Preparative HPLC was carried out using a Welch Sail 1000 series instrument equipped with a Welch Ultimate XB-C18 column (5 μm, 250 mm × 21.2 mm i.d., China).
Silica gel
Manufactured by Fujifilm
Sourced in Japan
Silica gel is a solid, porous material composed of silicon dioxide. Its core function is to act as a desiccant, absorbing moisture from the surrounding environment to maintain low humidity levels. Silica gel is a widely used laboratory consumable product due to its efficient moisture-absorbing properties.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sephadex lh 20, by GE Healthcare (2 mentions)
Drx 600 nmr spectrometer, by Bruker (2 mentions)
J 810 spectrometer, by Jasco (1 mentions)
Uv 260 spectrophotometer, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
P 200 polarimeter, by Jasco (1 mentions)
Welch ultimate xb c18 column, by Hill-Rom (1 mentions)
Q exactive mass spectrometer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
1260 liquid chromatography system, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Chiralpakad h chiral column, by Daicel (1 mentions)
Sb c18 column, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Avance 3 600 mhz spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Silica gel 60 gf254, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Agilent 6545 q tof mass spectrometer, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Rp c18 f254 plates, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dip 370 polarimeter, by Jasco (1 mentions)
6 protocols using silica gel
1
Spectroscopic Characterization of Compounds
2
Analytical Techniques for Compound Characterization
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UV spectra were obtained by using a Double Beam Spectrophotometer UH5300 (Hitachi High-Technologies, Tokyo, Japan). IR spectra were obtained on a Shimadzu Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer using KBr pellets. NMR spectra were recorded with a Bruker Avance III 600 MHz spectrometer (Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany). Optical rotations were measured on a Rudolph Autopol IV polarimeter (Hackettstown, NJ, USA). HRESIMS were measured on an Agilent (Santa Clara, CA, USA) 6200 Q-TOF MS system. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra were measured with an Applied Photophysics spectrometer (Chirascan, New Haven, CT, USA). HPLC was performed on an Agilent 1260 liquid chromatography system equipped with Zorbax (Santa Clara, CA, USA) SB-C18 columns (5 μm, 9.4 mm × 150 mm or 21.2 mm × 150 mm). Sephadex LH-20 (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA), Silica gel (200–300 mesh), and RP-18 gel (20–45 μm, FuJi, Tokyo, Japan) were used for column chromatography (CC). Chiral separation was carried out on a Chiralpak AD-H chiral column (5 μm, 250 × 4.6 mm; Daicel, Osaka, Japan).
3
Silica Gel Chromatography Protocols
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Silica gel and RP-18 Silica gel were purchased from Wako (Osaka, Japan). Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) Silica gel G60F254 was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All other ingredients used were of the highest grade available.
4
Isolation and Characterization of Compounds
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Silica gel (75–120 mesh), RP-C18 silica (38–63 μm), and organic solvents were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). Sephadex LH-20 was purchased from GE Healthcare (Uppsala, Sweden). Analytical TLC was performed on precoated Silica gel 60 GF254 (20 20 cm 0.2 mm thick) or precoated RP-C18 F254 plates (5 7.5 cm 0.2 mm thick) on aluminium sheets, from Merck Co., Darmstadt, Germany. Ultraviolet (UV) spectra were obtained using UV-visible spectrophotometer (Shimadzu 1601 PC, model TCC240, Kyoto, Japan). Optical rotations were measured with a Jasco DIP-370 polarimeter. Then, 1D and 2D spectra were obtained using a Bruker DRX 600 NMR spectrometer (Bruker Daltonics Inc., Billerica, MA, USA), using TMS as an internal standard. Mass analysis (HRMS) was performed with an Agilent 6545 Q-TOF mass spectrometer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA).
5
Characterization of Isolated Compounds
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Silica gel was purchased from Wako (Osaka, Japan). Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) Silica gel G60 F254 and reversed phase preparative TLC were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All other ingredients used were of the highest grade available.
The 1H, 13C-NMR and 2D spectra of the isolated compounds were recorded using a Bruker DRX 600 NMR spectrometer (Bruker Daltonics, Billerica, MA).
The 1H, 13C-NMR and 2D spectra of the isolated compounds were recorded using a Bruker DRX 600 NMR spectrometer (Bruker Daltonics, Billerica, MA).
6
Metabolite Profiling via MALDI-MS Imaging
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The frozen sections were kept in plastic tubes with silica gel (Wako, Japan), which were subsequently dried in a vacuum dryer. As recommended in a previous report, we used 9-aminoacridine (9-AA; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) as a matrix for negative ion modes to detect various metabolites such as nucleotides [19] (link)[20] (link)[21] (link)[22] (link)[23] (link)[24] (link)[25] (link). The sections were manually sprayed with 4 mg/mL of 9-AA in 70% methanol by a 0.2 mm nozzle caliber airbrush (Procon boy FWA Platinum; Mr. Hobby, Kyoto, Japan). MSI was performed using an atmospheric pressure MALDI-QIT-TOF-MS [26] (link) (Mass Microscope as a prototype; Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) equipped with a 355-nm Nd: YAG laser.
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