α-carotene and β-carotene standards were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Lutein standard was purchased from CaroteNature GmbH (Ostermundigen, Switzerland). Lycopene standard was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC (St. Louis, MO, USA). Special grade n-Hexane, acetone, ethanol, toluene, and pyrogallol were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. HPLC grade methyl tert-butyl ether, acetonitrile, and methanol were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. Cellulose was purchased from Amano Enzyme Inc. (Nagoya, Japan). Pectinase was purchased from Yakult Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Citric acid was purchased from Showa Kako Co., Ltd., (Osaka, Japan). Pectin was purchased from Unitec Foods Co., Ltd., (Tokyo, Japan).
Pyrogallol
Manufactured by Fujifilm
Sourced in Japan
Pyrogallol is a chemical compound used as a photographic developer in the processing of black-and-white film. It is a reducing agent that helps to convert the latent image on the film into a visible image. Pyrogallol is a key component in various photographic processing solutions and is commonly used in the development of black-and-white negatives and prints.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Methanol, by Fujifilm (4 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Fujifilm (4 mentions)
β carotene, by Fujifilm (2 mentions)
Toluene, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Acetone, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
α carotene, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Lutein standard, by CaroteNature (1 mentions)
Lycopene standard, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethanol, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Koh solution, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
High performance liquid chromatography (hplc), by Shiseido (1 mentions)
Formic acid, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
β cryptoxanthin, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Ferulic acid, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Rutin, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Tetrahydrofuran, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Lead 2 nitrate, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Potassium hydroxide, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Nitric acid, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
9 protocols using pyrogallol
1
Carotenoid Extraction and Quantification
2
Quantifying Vitamin E Levels Across Tissues
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Each VE concentration was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (ECD), as described previously with some modifications [18 (link)]. Brain, serum, liver, and each diet were mixed with 6% pyrogallol (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corp., Osaka, Japan) and 35% KOH solution (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corp.), respectively. After mixing, a 2,2,5,7,8-Pentamethyl 6-chromanol (PMC) (Shigma Aldrich Corp., St Louis, MO, USA) solution was added as an internal standard, and then all samples were heated at 100 °C. After heating, all samples were cooled until room temperature (R/T). Then, a 1% NaCl solution and a mixed solution for VE extraction were added, and these mixtures were shaken. After centrifugation (3000 rpm and 4 °C), the upper layer was collected and evaporated. The residue was dissolved by methanol, and VE concentrations in this solution were measured using HPLC (Shiseido Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).
3
Stimulation of RAW 264.7 Macrophages
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The RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were grown in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS and 100 µg/mL of penicillin/streptomycin. The cells were incubated in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere at 37 °C. To stimulate the cells, the medium was exchanged with fresh DMEM medium, and 1 µg/mL LPS was added in the presence or absence of the extracts (1% (v/v) final concentration) or pyrogallol (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Co., Osaka, Japan) solution (1 or 5 µg/mL) and incubated for 6 or 24 h.
4
Quantifying Carotenoids and Polyphenols in Orange Juice
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Anhydrous sodium chloride (NaCl) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) for formulations as QuEChERS components were purchased from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemicals (Tokyo, Japan). β-Carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, campesterol, ferulic acid, stigmasterol, sitosterol, and rutin were purchased from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemicals. p-Coumaric acid, diosmin, hesperidin, naringin, and narirutin were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Institute (Tokyo, Japan). Pyrogallol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) used to prevent autooxidation were purchased from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemicals (Tokyo, Japan).
All organic solvents (acetonitrile, formic acid, tetrahydrofuran, and methanol) and ultrapure HPLC- or LC/MS-grade water were purchased from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemicals.
Orange juice was purchased from a local market in Tokyo, Japan.
All organic solvents (acetonitrile, formic acid, tetrahydrofuran, and methanol) and ultrapure HPLC- or LC/MS-grade water were purchased from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemicals.
Orange juice was purchased from a local market in Tokyo, Japan.
5
Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Nanoparticles
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Pyrogallol (C6H3(OH)3, > 99%), sodium citrate hydrate (C6H5Na3O7·2H2O, > 99%), polyvinpyrrolidone (PVP, > 99%), methanol (CH3OH, > 99.8%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, > 97%), potassium hydroxide (KOH, > 85%), lead (II) nitrate (Pb(NO3)2, > 99.9%), and nitric acid (HNO3, 69%) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. All chemical were used as received without further purification. Deionized water with a specific resistance of 18.2 MΩ cm was obtained by reverse osmosis followed by ion exchange and filtration.
6
Organic Synthesis of Novel Compounds
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Benzaldehyde-2-sulfonic acid sodium salt (BS), chloranil, 2-methylresorcinol (2,6-dihydroxytoluene) (DHT), and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde (THBA) were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Pyrrole (Pyr), pyrogallol (1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, THB), acetyl chloride, triethylamine, p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (p-TS), tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate, acetonitrile, and phosphate buffer were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Osaka, Japan). The Pyr monomer was purified via distillation prior to use.
7
Antioxidant Evaluation and Characterization
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The following reagents were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan): 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), acetonitrile, methanol, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), methyl-β-cyclodextrin, β-carotene, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and pyrogallol. Fluorescein and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent were purchased from Nacalai Tesque, Inc. (Kyoto, Japan). Additionally, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA), and β-cryptoxanthin was purchased from Funakoshi Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan).
8
Lipid Extraction and Analysis Protocol
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Soybean phosphatidylcholine (PC) , soybean lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) , pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa, pancreatin from porcine pancreas, and porcine bile extract were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) . Pyrogallol was purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Osaka, Japan) . Egg PC (PC-98N) and egg lysoPC (LPC-1) were obtained from Kewpie Co. (Tokyo, Japan) . Soybean oil was purchased from Clea Japan Inc. (Tokyo, Japan) . Rapeseed oil was purchased from MP Biomedicals (Santa Ana, CA, USA) . These oils were purified as outlined in our previous report 15) . Medium-chain fatty acid triglyceride (MCT) oil was purchased from the Nisshin OilliO Group (Tokyo, Japan) . β-Carotene and lutein standards were prepared as previously described 16) . All other chemicals and solvents were of reagent grade.
9
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition Assay
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Chemistry General Methods Xanthine oxidase, methyleugenol and allopurinol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.). Phenol and pyrogallol were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Other chemicals and reagents were reagent grade and were purchased unless otherwise noted. Melting points were taken on Yanaco MP-S3 melting point apparatus and not corrected. NMR spectra were recorded on JEOL JNM-AI400 ( 1 H 400 MHz, 13 (link) C 100 MHz) or JEOL JNM-ECA500 ( 1 H 500 MHz, 13 (link) C 125 MHz) spectrometers in CDCl 3 with tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard. Mass spectra (electron ionization (EI)) were recorded on a JMS-HX100 spectrometer. Infrared spectra were recorded on a Jasco FT/ IR-460 Plus spectrophotometer. Microanalysis was performed on Yanaco MT-3. Unless otherwise noted, all materials were obtained from commercial suppliers and used without further purification. TLC was carried out on a Merck precoated Silica gel 60 F254. Unless otherwise noted, all materials were obtained from commercial suppliers and used without further purification. Flash column chromatography was performed on Merck Silica gel 60 (230-400 mesh ASTM) according to Still's method. All spectroscopic data for known compounds were in complete accord with literature values.
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