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Somatom force scanner

Manufactured by Siemens
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Sourced in Germany, United States

The SOMATOM Force is a dual-source computed tomography (CT) scanner manufactured by Siemens. It is designed to acquire high-quality images of the human body. The SOMATOM Force utilizes advanced imaging technology to produce detailed scans for medical diagnosis and analysis.

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Lab products found in correlation

Omnipaque 300, by GE Healthcare (2 mentions) Somatom definition as scanner, by Siemens (1 mentions) Optima ct660 scanner, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions) Mimics software, by Materialise (1 mentions) Ultravist, by Bayer (1 mentions) Epiq 7g, by Philips (1 mentions) Affiniti 70, by Philips (1 mentions) Matlab, by MathWorks (1 mentions) Discovery ct750 hd scanner, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions) Sensation 16 scanner, by Siemens (1 mentions) Aquilion scanner, by Toshiba (1 mentions)

24 protocols using somatom force scanner

1

Low-Dose CT Scans of Normal Lungs

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Low radiation TLC chest CT scans of twelve non-smoking normal subjects (age (years): [20 (link) 54], 35.4±12.0; 5 females; all non-smokers). These scans were acquired on a Siemens SOMATOM Force scanner using 120 kV, LD CareDose reference 36 mA, 512×512 image matrix, 0.6 mm slice thickness, 0.5 mm slice spacing, pitch of 1.0, and low radiation dose of 1.3 mSv versus 3.2 mSv standard dose. This data set was used to examine accuracy of different methods at low radiation CT imaging.
Nadeem S.A., Hoffman E.A., Sieren J.C., Comellas A.P., Bhatt S.P., Barjaktarevic I.Z., Abtin F, & Saha P.K. (2020). CT-based Automated Algorithms for Airway Segmentation using Freeze-and-Grow Propagation and Deep Learning. IEEE transactions on medical imaging, PP, 10.1109/TMI.2020.3029013.
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2

CT Imaging of Lung Aeration in Prone and Supine Positions

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CT scans were acquired with a Siemens SOMATOM Force scanner. The settings were: 120 kVp, 200 mAs, pitch 0.95, slice thickness 0.75 mm, collimation 57.6×0.6 mm, estimated dosage 3–5 mSv. All images were reconstructed to a resolution of 1×1×1 mm. End-inspiratory (EI) images were obtained during 5-second-long inspiratory pauses, applied during ventilation in both supine and prone positions with PEEP 5 and 10 cmH2O. Each combination of PEEP and position was applied in random order and maintained for 10 minutes prior to imaging, which was shown in pilot studies to assure sufficient stabilization of aeration redistribution. In the prone position, the pigs laid unsupported on their abdomen with their forelegs flexed and their hindlegs extended at the hips. Animals did not receive neuromuscular blocking agents, but sedation was adjusted to achieve immobility, which was confirmed on CT scans by the absence of motion artifacts near the diaphragm.
Xin Y., Cereda M., Hamedani H., Martin K.T., Tustison N.J., Pourfathi M., Kadlecek S., Siddiqui S., Amzajerdian F., Connell M., Abate N., Kajanaku A., Duncan I., Gee J.C, & Rizi R.R. (2020). Positional Therapy and Regional Pulmonary Ventilation: High Resolution Alignment of Prone and Supine Computed Tomography Images in a Large Animal Model. Anesthesiology, 133(5), 1093-1105.
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3

Midfacial CT Imaging Protocols

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All specimens were scanned using a third-generation SOMATOM Force scanner (Siemens Healthcare AG). Each specimen was situated in a fixed position and scanned using a multitude of standardized scans of the midfacial region. The scan range was set from the upper border of the frontal sinus to the complete maxilla. Scans were produced in both the standard (reference 50 mAs) and radiation reduced (reference 20 mAs) scan protocol. Details of the scan parameters are provided in Table I
Rozema R., Kruitbosch H.T., van Minnen B., Dorgelo B., Kraeima J, & van Ooijen P.M.A. (2021). Iterative reconstruction and deep learning algorithms for enabling low-dose computed tomography in midfacial trauma. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology, 132(2).
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4

Pre-intervention CT Angiography Protocol

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Pre-interventional planning CT angiography was performed on a Somatom FORCE scanner (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) using a peak tube voltage of 120 kV and collimation of 128 × 0.625 mm. A 100-mL bolus injection of iohexol (Omnipaque 300, GE Healthcare, Chicago, Illinois) contrast was used with bolus triggering in the ascending aorta.
Images were acquired craniocaudally, using a FLASH whole-body acquisition (lung apices down to the lesser trochanters). Patients did not receive rate-limiting medications for the purpose of their scans.
Patel K.P., Lin A., Kumar N., Esposito G., Grodecki K., Lloyd G., Mathur A., Baumbach A., Mullen M.J., Williams M.C., Newby D.E., Treibel T.A., Dweck M.R, & Dey D. (2023). Influence of cusp morphology and sex on quantitative valve composition in severe aortic stenosis. European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging, 24(12).
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5

COVID-19 CT and X-Ray Imaging Protocol

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Imaging was performed on a Somatom Force Scanner (Dual Source Scanner 2*192 slices, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) in accordance to the guidelines of the German Radiological Society and our hospital’s COVID-19 guidelines, using low-dose CT (computed tomography) with high-pitch technology (17 (link)). The following parameters were used: Tube voltage: 100 kV with tin filtering, tube current: 96 mAs with tube current modulation. In two cases examination was performed as a non-contrast enhanced full-dose protocol because of suspected ILD, in one case as a contrast-enhanced CT scan to exclude pulmonary thromboembolism. X-ray examinations were performed at the respective wards as bed-side X-ray examinations (Mobilett Mira Max, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) as a single anterior–posterior view. The CT images were evaluated according to the Expert Consensus Statement of the RSNA and classified as typical, indeterminate, atypical, and negative appearance for COVID-19 (17 (link), 18 (link)).
Gagiannis D., Steinestel J., Hackenbroch C., Schreiner B., Hannemann M., Bloch W., Umathum V.G., Gebauer N., Rother C., Stahl M., Witte H.M, & Steinestel K. (2020). Clinical, Serological, and Histopathological Similarities Between Severe COVID-19 and Acute Exacerbation of Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease (CTD-ILD). Frontiers in Immunology, 11, 587517.
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6

Cardiac Extracellular Volume Quantification

Cited 2 times
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All CT scans were performed on a Somatom FORCE scanner (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany). The technique for ECV quantification has been described elsewhere (20 ); additional pre-contrast and 3-min post-contrast datasets were acquired. These datasets were averaged, subtracted to provide a partition coefficient, and then co-registered with the CT coronary angiogram images. The patient’s hematocrit measurement (usually taken on the same day) was inputted, and the myocardial ECV was calculated as follows: ECVCT = (1 − hematocrit) × (ΔHUmyo /ΔHUblood), where ΔHU is the change in Hounsfield unit attenuation pre- and post-contrast (i.e., HUpost-contrast − HUpre-contrast) (17 (link), 18 (link), 19 (link), 20 , 21 (link)).
Scully P.R., Morris E., Patel K.P., Treibel T.A., Burniston M., Klotz E., Newton J.D., Sabharwal N., Kelion A., Manisty C., Kennon S., Ozkor M., Mullen M., Hartman N., Elliott P.M., Pugliese F., Hawkins P.N., Moon J.C, & Menezes L.J. (2020). DPD Quantification in Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Novel Imaging Biomarker. Jacc. Cardiovascular Imaging, 13(6), 1353-1363.
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7

COVID-19 Pneumonia Imaging Protocols

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Fifteen CT examinations with low-dose protocols were performed to evaluate pulmonary changes due to COVID- 19 pneumonia. Four contrast-enhanced CT scans were performed to rule out pulmonary embolism. One CT scan was performed for image-guided positioning of a chest tube due to large pleural effusion. Eighteen CT scans were performed on a Somatom Definition AS+ scanner (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany), one was performed on a Somatom Force scanner (Siemens Healthineers) and one was performed on an Optima CT660 scanner (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA) scanner. The scan protocols were as follows: mean tube current of 93.4 ± 66.1 mAs (range, 37-232 mAs); mean tube voltage of 108.0 ± 12.0 kVp (range, 80-120 kVp); mean slice thickness of 1.7 ± 0.9 mm (range, 1-3 mm); mean volume CT dose index of 3.9 ± 1.3 mGy (range, 0.8-15.3 mGy); and mean dose-length product (mGy × cm) of 131.6 ± 102.0 (range, 26-495).
Spiro J.E., Curta A., Mansournia S., Marschner C.A., Maurus S., Weckbach L.T., Hedderich D.M, & Dinkel J. (2021). Appearance of COVID-19 pneumonia on 1.5 T TrueFISP MRI. Radiologia Brasileira, 54(4), 211-218.
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8

Prototype CT Scanner with Customized Collimator

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Our real-world prototype consisted of a Siemens SOMATOM Force scanner equipped with a W4S16 collimator in place of the standard adaptive collimator. Figure 3 shows the W4S16 collimator secured in the adaptive collimator jaws of the Siemens scanner.
In our prototype experiments, we used the American College of Radiology CT (ACR) phantom. The phantom has inserts at known locations that can be used to determine the resolution of the system. Four data sets were acquired with the prototype scanner: a no-MSC, 1/4 tube current air scan, a no-MSC, 1/4 tube current ACR scan, an MSC air scan, and an MSC ACR scan. The air scans were acquired for log-domain preprocessing (described in section 3.2.2). From these data, we retrospectively simulated a scan in which the MSC has a piecewise linear motion from the first to the sixteenth position over one rotation. This generated a 920 × 96 × 2100 data set. Of this data set, elements that had greater than 80% attenuation due to the MSC were excluded. From this, we reconstructed a 768 × 768 × 32 image volume at 0.66 mm ×0.66 mm ×3 mm resolution. The reconstruction process used the custom preprocessing pipeline described in section 3.2.2 and the partial source obstruction model shown in section 2.2.
Muckley M.J., Chen B., Vahle T., O’Donnell T., Knoll F., Sodickson A.D., Sodickson D.K, & Otazo R. (2019). Image reconstruction for interrupted-beam x-ray CT on diagnostic clinical scanners. Physics in medicine and biology, 64(15), 155007.
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9

3D Printing of Cardiac Structures from CT Data

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Pre-existing CT data obtained with a SOMATOM Force scanner (Siemens Healthineers, Munich, Germany) was used for 3D printed model production. The patient from whom the CT data was obtained was initially suspected to have coarctation of the aorta in addition to an explicit perimembranous VSD, though later CT scan dismissed this coarctation suspicion. CT slice thickness ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 mm and pixel spacing ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 mm. The CT data of a previous patient was selected and opened in Mimics software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). The segmentation was achieved using intensity value threshold followed with semi-automated and manual maneuver. The following blood volume subsets were segmented: left atrium with pulmonary veins, right atrium with vena cava, left ventricle, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, aorta, and ascending aorta with coronary arteries. Additional segments included the VSD. All volumes outside of the volume of interest were masked. The result was exported from Mimics as a.stl file and imported for printing on an RS6000 printer (Alliance 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai, China) using photosensitive resin with a glossy finish.
Deng X., He S., Huang P., Luo J., Yang G., Zhou B, & Xiao Y. (2021). A three-dimensional printed model in preoperative consent for ventricular septal defect repair. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 16, 229.
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10

Dynamic Chest CT Angiography Protocol

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CTP examinations were undertaken on a Somatom Force scanner (Siemens Healthcare). The scanning parameters were a tube voltage of 70 kVp, tube current of 150 mA with collimation of 48 × 1.2 or 192 × 0.6 mm, for a total of 25 scans. The total scanning time was 45.45 s, with the first 20 scans made every 1.5 s and the last five scans undertaken every 3 s. The first scan was taken 8 s after injection of contrast material. The scan length was 22.4 cm. The scans were obtained with the patient moving back-and-forth through the gantry in a “pendulum” movement. Patients were instructed to take shallow breaths during imaging. A fixed dose of 50 mL of iopromide (Ultravist™; Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany) with a concentration of 370mgI/mL was injected at a flowrate of 6 mL/s followed by a flush of physiologic (0.9 %) saline (50 mL) at 6 mL/s with a dual-head power injector (Ulrich Medical, Ulm, Germany) with a maximum inflow time of 8 s. Compression to the upper abdomen was not applied. The mean dose length product per examination was 1168 mGycm, with an equivalent effective dose of 17.5 mSv (k factor: 0.015).
Woisetschläger M., Henriksson L., Bartholomae W., Gasslander T., Björnsson B, & Sandström P. (2020). Iterative reconstruction algorithm improves the image quality without affecting quantitative measurements of computed tomography perfusion in the upper abdomen. European Journal of Radiology Open, 7, 100243.
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