Orius digital camera system

TEM images of MSNs were acquired on a JEOL 2010 (Tokyo, Japan) instrument equipped with a Gatan Orius digital camera system (Warrendale, PA) under a 200 kV hydrodynamic size, as in previous studies^{34 (link),48 (link)}. All samples for DLS measurements were suspended in distilled water or ethanol at a 1 mg/mL concentration and washed three times through centrifugation. DLS measurements for each sample were obtained in triplicate at 25 °C and then the Z-average diameter (by intensity) was used for all reported hydrodynamic size values. Zeta potential data were acquired on a Malvern Zetasizer Nano-ZS equipped with a He–Ne laser (633 nm) and non-invasive backscatter optics. The zeta potential for all the samples was measured in distilled water in triplicates according to Smoluchowski theory.
Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms of MSNs were obtained on a Micromeritics ASAP 2020 at 77 K. Samples were degassed at 60 °C for 12 h before measurements. The surface area was calculated following the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) equation and the pore size was obtained by density functional theory (DFT). Solid-state NMR was performed on Avance III Widebore 300 with a 7 mm ZrO₂ rotor.

Animals were perfusion-fixed through the renal artery with 100 mL PBS and a buffered 2% formaldehyde/2.5% glutaraldehyde solution. Slices of the left kidneys were removed and placed in the same fixative at room temperature for 30 minutes. They were then kept cool until processing. Briefly, samples were washed with 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2), post-fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in ethanol, cleared with propylene oxide, and infiltrated with a mixture of propylene oxide/EPON resin in increasing concentrations. The samples were embedded in pure EPON resin for polymerization at 60°C for 48 hours. After curing, the blocks were trimmed to obtain semi-thin slices for the identification of glomeruli under a light microscope. Then, blocks were trimmed again to obtain ultrathin sections, which were deposited on fenestrated metal gratings for a final staining with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Samples were analyzed using a 1200 EXII transmission electron microscope (JEOL, Japan) coupled to a Gatan Orius digital camera system (USA). [20 (link)]

For transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging, CPP pellets were washed in milli-Q water and transferred onto a Formvar-coated copper grid. After air-drying, high-resolution images were obtained using a JEOL JEM 1400 microscope (JEOL USA Inc., Peabody, Massachusetts, USA) with an accelerating voltage of 60 kV. Images were acquired using a Gatan Orius digital camera system (Gatan Inc., Pleasanton, California, USA). For energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis of CPP2, CPP pellets were washed in milli-Q water and airdried on copper tape for analysis. Micro-elemental analysis was performed in combination with a GeminiSEM Sigma 300 electron microscope (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany), using a Quantax 200 detector (Bruker, Massachusetts, USA). Measurements were obtained at an accelerating voltage of 20 kV. Elemental analysis of CPP1 were performed with an EDX arm on the JEOL JEM 1400 microscope. For X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, diffractograms were measured on a Panalytical Empyrean (Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, UK) in transmission mode with fine-focus sealed tube, focusing mirror and PIXcel3D detector, using CuKα radiation. The samples were measured in 0.5 mm soda glass capillaries with a wall thickness of 0.01 mm.