Dexamethasone was obtained from Beijing Solarbia Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and arginase-1 (Arg-1) ELISA kit was obtained from Shanghai Enzymatic Union Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein concentration assay kits were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Biological Engineering Institute (Nanjing, China). CD86 polyclonal antibody and CD206 polyclonal antibody were purchased from Proteintech Group, Inc. (Wuhang, China). Poly(I:C) and reference standards of chlorogenic acid, forsythoside A, liquiritin, saikosaponin A, baicalin, arginine, magnolol, protocatechuic acid, 4-hydroxyacetophenone, aristolochic acid A and artemisinin were obtained from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All herbs used to prepare QWJR were obtained from Sinopharm Yunnan, Ltd. (Kunming, China).
Liquiritin
Manufactured by Yuanye Bio-Technology
Sourced in China
Liquiritin is a chemical compound extracted from the roots of the licorice plant (Glycyrrhiza glabra). It is a key component in various pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Liquiritin serves as a natural flavoring agent and has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties. The specific details and intended uses of this product are not within the scope of this response.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Glycyrrhizic acid, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (5 mentions)
Isoliquiritigenin, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (4 mentions)
Isoliquiritin, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (4 mentions)
Chlorogenic acid, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (3 mentions)
Liquiritigenin, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (3 mentions)
Protocatechuic acid, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (2 mentions)
Baicalin, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (2 mentions)
Amygdalin, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (2 mentions)
Rutin, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (2 mentions)
Cinnamic alcohol, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (2 mentions)
Cinnamic acid, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (2 mentions)
Oxymatrine, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Liquiritin apioside, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (2 mentions)
Angoroside c, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (2 mentions)
Saikosaponin a, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (1 mentions)
Artemisinin, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (1 mentions)
Forsythoside a, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (1 mentions)
Magnolol, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (1 mentions)
12 protocols using liquiritin
1
Investigating Anti-Inflammatory Effects of TCM Formulation
2
Chinese Herbal Intervention for Colitis
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All the Chinese herbs were provided by Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Hangzhou, China). All the chemical standards, including l (+)-arginine, proline, adenine, succinic acid, isoleucine, leucine, gallic acid, phenylalanine, protocatechuic acid, l -tryptophan, protocatechuic aldehyde, neo-mangiferin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, amygdalin, mangiferin, rutin, liquiritin, luteoloside, naringin, berberrubine, baicalin, quercetin, epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, icarrin, isorhamnetin, glycyrrhizic acid, limonin, aaikosaponin A, and 3-N-butyl-4,4-dihydrophthalide, were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China). Azoxymethane (AOM) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) from MP Biomedicals (Santa Ana, CA United States). TUNEL apoptosis assay kits, radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer, BCA protein assay kits, and anti-MMP9 antibody (AF5234) were purchased from Beyotime (Beijing, China). Mouse IL-6 and IL-17A ELISA kits were from LiankeBio (Hangzhou, China), and antibodies to p-STAT3 (AF3293), STAT3 (AF6294), NF-κB-p65 (BF8005), Bcl-2 (BF9103), Lamin B (AF5161), and β-actin (T0022) were purchased from Affinity Biosciences (Changzhou, China). Antibodies to IL-17RA (sc-376374) and Bax (sc-20067) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, United States).
3
Standardization of Chinese Herbs
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The standard of L-ephedrine (lot number: 171241-201007), D-pseudoephedrine (lot number: 171237-201208), and L-methylephedrine (lot number: 171247-200301) were purchased from the National Institute for Food and Drug Control of China (Beijing, China). The standards of cinnamic alcohol (lot number: 20120421), cinnamic aldehyde (lot number: 20120311), cinnamic acid (lot number: 20120407), amygdalin (lot number: 20110421), liquiritin (lot number: 20120131), and glycyrrhizic acid (lot number: 20101107) were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All these standard substances had over 98% purity. HPLC-grade acetonitrile was supplied by TEDIA (Fairfleld, OH, USA), and water was purified by using a Milli-Q ultra-water system (Billerica, MA, USA) and filtered with 0.22 μm membrane. Other reagents including methanol, formic acid, and triethylamine were all of analytical grade.
The four Chinese herbs Ephedra intermedia Schrenk et C.A.Mey. (lot number: 20120523), Cinnamomum cassia Presl (lot number: 20120409), Prunus armeniaca L. var. ansu. Maxim. (lot number: 20120608), and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer (lot number: 20120415) were purchased from Hangzhou Tairentang Drug Store (Hangzhou, China), and were identified by Prof. Hong Wang, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University where the voucher specimens are deposited.
The four Chinese herbs Ephedra intermedia Schrenk et C.A.Mey. (lot number: 20120523), Cinnamomum cassia Presl (lot number: 20120409), Prunus armeniaca L. var. ansu. Maxim. (lot number: 20120608), and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer (lot number: 20120415) were purchased from Hangzhou Tairentang Drug Store (Hangzhou, China), and were identified by Prof. Hong Wang, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University where the voucher specimens are deposited.
4
Characterization of Botanical Compounds
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Chlorogenic acid, neoChlorogenic acid, cryptoChlorogenic acid, arctiin, arctigenin, tectoridin, tectorigenin, iridin, irisflorentin, irigenin, matrine, oxymatrine, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, and galuteolin were obtained from the Shanghai YuanYe Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) for use as references. Glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid were purchased from China’s National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China). The purity of the reference compounds was >98% based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. SJLYKL was prepared by the Shanghai Liantang pharmacy (Shanghai, China). Deionized water was purified using a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Ammonium acetate (HPLC grade; purity ≥98.0%) and acetic acid (HPLC grade; purity ≥99.7%) were provided by ANPEL Laboratory Technologies (Shanghai, China). Chromatographic grade methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
5
QRQS Compound Quantification via HPLC
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After identifying the primary active components in QRQS via UPLC-HRMS, we conducted HPLC analysis for quantification, following the methodology outlined in our previous study [21 (link)]. For standard preparation, liquiritin (B20414, purity ≥98%), oxymatrine (B21470, purity ≥98%), and sophocarpine (B20544, purity ≥98%) were procured from Yuanye Bio-Technology (Shanghai, China). These compounds were accurately weighed and subsequently dissolved in methanol to prepare solutions at a concentration of 20 μg/mL.
6
Detailed Phytochemical Characterization
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Cortex Mori (Batch number: PZ2021073001, Shanghai, China), Cortex Lycii (Batch number: YP2021080501, Shanghai, China) and Radix Glycyrrhizae (Batch number: PZ2021081901, Shanghai, China) were from Shanghai Kangqiao traditional Chinese medicine Co. Ltd. Japonica rice (Batch number: PZ2021081901, Shandong, China) was purchased from Shandong Shangyao traditional Chinese medicine Co. Ltd. The standards which included mulberroside A, kukoamine A (Figure 1E ), kukoaMine B, liquiritin, liquiritin apioside, glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt, mulberroside C, oxyresveratrol (Figure 1C ) and schisandrin (Figure 1J ) (≥98% purity) were all purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Digoxin (Figure 1I ) was purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). 3500Da dialysis bag was purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
7
Signaling Pathways Modulated by MRGPRX2
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Fetal bovine serum (FBS) used was the Gibco (Grand Island, NY) product. Compound 48/80 (C48/80), poly-d -lysine hydrobromide (PDL) and p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-β-d -glucosaminide were the Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO) products. Triton X-100 was procured from Amresco (Solon, OH). Liquiritin was procured from Yuanye Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Penicillin, streptomycin, Fluo-4 AM and RIPA lysis buffer were obtained from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). TNF-α and histamine ELISA kits were procured from Meimian Industrial (Yancheng, China). A plasmid with MRGPRX2 was constructed by GENERAL BIOL (Anhui, China). Anti-TNF-α antibody (ab205587) was the product of Abcam (Cambridge, England). Lipofectamine 2000 and Opti-MEM were the Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA) products. Monoclonal GAPDH antibody (60004-1-Ig), HRP-conjugated Affinipure Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H + L) (SA00001-1) and Anti-Rabbit IgG (H + L) (SA00001-2) were procured from Proteintech (Wuhan, China).
8
Analytical Protocol for Botanical Compounds
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Linarin (internal standard, IS), harpagide, chlorogenic acid, swertiamarin, sweroside, angoroside C, liquiritin, and isoliquiritigenin (purity ≥98%) were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Methanol (HPLC grade) was purchased from Fisher Scientific (USA). Formic acid (MS grade) was purchased from ANPEL Laboratory Technologies Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The distilled water was purchased from A.S. Watson Group Ltd. (Beijing, China).
Lonicera japonica Thunb. (JYH), Scrophularia ningpoensis Hems. (XS), Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (DG), and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (GC) were purchased from the pharmacy of Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Beijing, China).
Lonicera japonica Thunb. (JYH), Scrophularia ningpoensis Hems. (XS), Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (DG), and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (GC) were purchased from the pharmacy of Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Beijing, China).
9
Characterization of Wild Licorice Roots
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Wild licorice (all G. uralensis Fisch.) was collected from an arid hillside in Suide County, Shaanxi Province, transported on ice and stored at −80°C. It was identified by Professor Chunsheng Liu of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Numbers W-1, W-2, and W-3 were three groups of licorice with a thickness of 0.8, 0.9, and 1.1cm, and each group was composed of five licorice roots of the same thickness. The samples were all mixed with five licorice roots to form one sample. The reference substances liquiritin (Lot number: Z13J11X108109), glycyrrhizic acid (Lot number: P24J10F91300), isoliquiritigenin (Lot number: C03A8Q41092), liquiritigenin (Lot number: Z20J8X40265), and glycyrrhetinic acid (Lot number: T27J7X18416) were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
10
Characterization of Zhi-Zi-Hou-Pu Extract
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Reference standards including agarotetrol, isoferulic acid, and harpagide were obtained from National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (Beijing, China). Liquiritigenin, isoLiquiritigenin, angoroside C, cimicifugine, glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritin, liquiritin apioside, isoliquiritin, trans-cinnamic acid, harpagoside, sucrose, formononetin, and licochalcone A were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The purities of all the reference substances were higher than 98 %.
ZP samples were provided by Tianjin Hongrentang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). LC-MS grade methanol was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Formic acid was purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Water used for UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis was purified by Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).
ZP samples were provided by Tianjin Hongrentang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). LC-MS grade methanol was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Formic acid was purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Water used for UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis was purified by Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).
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