Ki 67

For the construction of in vivo models of PDAC, 12 4-week-old female, nude mice (BALB/cA-nu) were purchased from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd. The mice were randomly divided into two groups (PANC-1-Vector and PANC-1-RGS22), and 1×10⁶ PANC-1-Vector or PANC-1-RGS22 cells were injected into the abdominal cavity of each mouse. The size of the neoplasms was measured every 6 days for 30 days, and the formula (width² × length)/2 was used to calculate the tumor volumes. The mice were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 5% chloral hydrate (the dose of chloral hydrate was 400 mg/kg body weight). The tumors were excised after the mice were anesthetized and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. IHC was performed to determine the Ki-67 levels (1:200; Wuhan Servicebio Technology Co., Ltd.) of the tumor samples. The animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.

Triptolide (TPL) was purchased from Chengdu DeSiTe Biological Technology Co., Ltd (Chengdu, China). Chlorin e6 (Ce6), HDD, TDP and β-CD was obtained from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Hoechst 33,342 was purchased from Suzhou Yuheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Suzhou, China). Cell culture medium and FBS were obtained from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). BCA protein quantitative detection kit and Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis kit was supplied by MultiScience (Lianke) Biotech Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China). Ki67, Bax, CD31, and VEFG were purchased from Wuhan Servicebio Technology Co., Ltd (Wuhan, China) Caspase 3, caspase 9, and PARP were obtained from Abcam (Abcam, Cambridge, UK). Other organic solvents or reagents were of analytic grade. HepG2 cells, B16 cells and H22 cells were purchased from Boster Biological Technology co.ltd (California, US). BALB/c nude mice (4 weeks old; 14–16 g) were purchased from SPF Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China).