L glutamic acid

Chitosan produced from Aspergillus niger (Deacetylation degree (DD) = 92%, determined by FT-IR method; Mw = 890,000 g/mol; and 100–300 cps), fluorescein, L-aspartic, and L-glutamic acid were purchased from PolAura, Dywity, Poland. Propylene glycol, isopropanol, methanol (HPLC grade), (CH₃COO)₂Zn∙2H₂O, CaCl₂·2H₂O, MgSO₄, KCl, KOH, ethanol (96%, 99.9%), KHPO₄, Na₂HPO₄, NaHCO₃, NaCl, HCl, NaOH, mouse L929 (commercial cell line from mouse C3H/An connective tissue for research purpose only, The European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures (ECACC)), Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) with glucose content cell culture medium, antibiotics (streptomycin/penicillin), fetal bovine serum (FBS), phosphate buffer solution (PBS), trypsin with EDTA, and Triton-X-100 were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Poznań, Poland. For the study, pure cannabidiol of HPLC confirmed purity was used, purchased from Dobre Konopie, Mysłowice, Poland.

For the experiments, fungal chitosan from Aspergillus niger was used with the average molecular mass 890,000, deacetylation degree ≥ 90%, ash content ≤ 1.0%, viscosity 100–300 cps, water content ≤ 8.0%, As ≤ 1 mg/kg, Pb ≤ 0.5 mg/kg, Hg ≤ 0.1 mg/kg, particle size ≤ 100 mesh, E. coli microbial counts: absent, Salmonella spp.: absent, yeasts and molds: ≤100 CFU/g purified from glucan purchased from PolAura, Dywity, Poland. L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, glycerin, and 1,2-propanediol were purchased from PolAura, Dywity, Poland. Kalanchoe pinnata extract was purchased from Ekamedica, Kozy, Poland. Simulated body fluid (SBF), Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium, trypsin, fetal bovine serum, phosphate buffer solution, and penicillin/streptomycin solution (10%) were purchased from PolGen. Multiwhole plates, T-75 flasks, sterile pipette tips, probes, and falcons were purchased from GenoPlast, Rokocin, Poland. XTT (2,3-Bis-(2-Methoxy-4-Nitro-5-Sulfophenyl)-2H-Tetrazolium-5-Carboxanilide) assay (Roche), L929 mouse fibroblasts cell line, and lyophilized blood for scientific use only were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Poznań, Poland. Rhodamin, ethanol, mehtanol, and gallic acid were purchased from POCH, Gliwice, Poland. Folin–Ciocalteu reagent was synthesized by standard procedure [27 ,28 (link)].