Low-glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (L-DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl-)-2,5- diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT), LY294002, PDTC, and SP600125 were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA, a fluorescence probe for detection of ROS production), an enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) kit, and a bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay kit were purchased from the Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). The Apoptosis fluorescence Hoechst 33258 assay kit, the Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit, and the Caspase-3 colorimetric assay kit were purchased from KeyGen Biotech Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China).
A standard sample of protein molecular weight (Blue Plue II Protein Marker, 10–170 kDa) was purchased from Fermentas. Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane was purchased from Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA). Anti-Akt, anti-p-Akt, anti-Bcl-2, anti-Bax, anti-JNK, and anti-p-JNK were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology. Anti-NF-kB p65, anti-p-NF-kB p65, and GAPDH polyclonal antibody were purchased from Bioworld Technology (St. Paul, MN, USA). Anti-cleaved-Caspase-3 and HRP-labeled Goat IgG were purchased from Affinity Biosciences (Cincinnati, OH, USA). Other reagents are commercially available analytically pure products.
A standard sample of protein molecular weight (Blue Plue II Protein Marker, 10–170 kDa) was purchased from Fermentas. Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane was purchased from Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA). Anti-Akt, anti-p-Akt, anti-Bcl-2, anti-Bax, anti-JNK, and anti-p-JNK were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology. Anti-NF-kB p65, anti-p-NF-kB p65, and GAPDH polyclonal antibody were purchased from Bioworld Technology (St. Paul, MN, USA). Anti-cleaved-Caspase-3 and HRP-labeled Goat IgG were purchased from Affinity Biosciences (Cincinnati, OH, USA). Other reagents are commercially available analytically pure products.