Trace element content in soil (before compost addition — see Table 1 — or after experimentation) and vegetable samples was determined by wet acid digestion. Adaptations of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) methods 12914:2012, 22036:2008 were used for soil and vegetal samples. Briefly, 250 mg of soil samples were digested adding 6 mL of fuming hydrochloric acid (37% for trace analysis, Honeywell, Fluka) and 2 mL of nitric acid (65% HNO3 for trace analysis, Honeywell, Fluka) in polytetrafluoroethylene pressure-resistant vessels. Milled vegetable samples (250 mg) were digested using 6 mL of nitric acid and 2 mL of hydrogen peroxide (for electronic use, Honeywell, Fluka). Microwave-assisted digestion occurred for 10 min, and the total cycle duration was 60 min. Suspensions were filtered through Whatman no. 42 filter paper and analyzed by a Spectro Arcos ICP-OES (Ametek, Germany). As an analytical quality control, the determinations were done in duplicate. Moreover, the analysis of a blank sample and a reference material were performed in every analytical batch.
Nitric acid
Manufactured by Honeywell
Sourced in Germany
Nitric acid is a highly corrosive and oxidizing liquid chemical compound. It is a laboratory reagent used in various analytical and experimental procedures.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Potassium chlorate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
2 4 diaminobenzenesulfonic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Perchloric acid, by Honeywell (2 mentions)
Polyvinylpyrrolidone, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Silver nitrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Honeywell (2 mentions)
Microwave oven, by Milestone (2 mentions)
Sodium bromide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethylformamide dmf, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Honeywell (1 mentions)
Tryptic soy agar, by BD (1 mentions)
Hydrofluoric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cyclohexane, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Urea, by Honeywell (1 mentions)
Sulphuric acid, by Honeywell (1 mentions)
Sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hexamethyldisilazane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N hydroxysulfosuccinimide sulfo nhs, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
17 protocols using nitric acid
1
Trace Element Content Analysis in Soil and Vegetables
2
Synthesis of Graphite-Based Composite Materials
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Graphite (powder, synthetic, particle size < 20 μm), polyvinylpyrrolidone, 2,4-diamino-benzenesulfonic acid (2,4-DBSA) (≥97.0%), and dimethylformamide (DMF) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sulfuric acid (95–97%), potassium chlorate (>99.0%), silver nitrate, sodium chloride, and sodium bromide were supplied by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Nitric acid (65%) was purchased from Riedel-de Haën (Munich, Germany) and ethylene glycol from Penta (Prague, Czech Republic). All reagents were of analytical grade and no further purification was required. The water-based resin emulsions used in this work are a product under development that contains mainly a mixture of styrene–acrylate and acrylic resins (called R-UDP). The solid content of the R-UDP was measured at appr. 42%.
3
Synthesis of Graphene-Based Ink for Inkjet Printing
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Graphite (powder, synthetic, particle size <20 μm), potassium chlorate (purum >99.0%) and 2,4-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid (≥98%) were purchased from Merck, KGaA, (Darmstadt, Germany). The solvents nitric acid (65%) and sulfuric acid (95–97%) were purchased from Riedel-de Haen (Munich, Germany) and Merck, KGaA, (Darmstadt, Germany), respectively, and were used as provided. A commercial graphene ink (code 793663) with 2.4 wt% solids (graphene and ethyl cellulose) in cyclohexanone and terpineol was used for inkjet printing, which according to the datasheet requires a minimum curing temperature of 250 °C.
4
Graphene-based Inkjet Printing Process
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Graphite (powder, synthetic, particle size <20 μm) and 2,4-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid (≥98%) were purchased from Merck, KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Sulfuric acid (95–97%) and potassium chlorate (purum >99.0%) were purchased also from Merck, KGaA, (Darmstadt, Germany) and nitric acid (65%) from Riedel-de Haen (Munich, Germany). All solvents were of analytical grade and were used as received. A commercial graphene ink (code 793663) with 2.4 wt% solids (graphene and ethyl cellulose) in cyclohexanone and terpineol and a silver nanoparticle ink (code798738), a 30 wt % dispersion in ethylene glycol, were used for inkjet printing. The silver ink was utilized for printing the testing interconnection pads.
5
Quality Assurance in Metal Analysis
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Appropriate quality assurance procedures and precautions were taken to ensure the authenticity of the results. Samples were carefully handled to avoid cross-contamination. Glassware was properly cleaned and distilled deionized water was used throughout the study. Reagents used – nitric acid (Riedel-de Haen, Germany) and perchloric acid (British Drug Houses Chemicals Limited, England) were of analytical grade. In order to check the reliability of the analytical method employed for metal determination, one blank and combined standards were run with every batch of samples to detect background contamination and monitor consistency between batches. The results of the analysis were validated by digesting and analyzing standard reference materials (animal blood coded IAEA-A-13) following the same procedure. The analyzed values and the certified reference values of the elements determined were compared to ascertain the reliability of the analytical method employed.
6
Herbal Sample Preparation for Analysis
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The following reagents were used throughout this study: tryptic soy agar (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, USA), Sabouraud dextrose agar (Difco™; France) (for preparing the medium), tryptic soy broth (Difco™; France), and Tween 80 (Difco™; France), which was used to prepare Fluid 3 for microbiological testing. Nitric acid (70%) (Riedel-de Haen, Seelze, Germany) and perchloric acid (70%–72%) (Riedel-de Haen, Seelze, Germany) were used for acid digestion of the herbal samples.
7
Synthesis of TiO2 Nanotubes
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The synthesis of TiO2 NTs was based on TiO2 P25 (75% Anatase, 25% Rutile
Degussa) and is depicted inFigure 1 . The nitric acid (HNO3), sodium hydroxide
(NaOH) and cesium hydroxide (CsOH) were provided by Riedel de Haën.
Cesium nitrate (CsNO3) was purchased from Fluka. Potassium
hydrogen phthalate (KHP) used for the NaOH standardization was obtained
from Sigma-Aldrich. Five standard buffers, pH = 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10
that were purchased from Reidel-de Haën were used for the potentiometric
measurements, i.e., electrode calibration. All solutions were prepared
by dissolving them in CO2-free deionized water. All chemicals
were used as-received without purification.
Degussa) and is depicted in
(NaOH) and cesium hydroxide (CsOH) were provided by Riedel de Haën.
Cesium nitrate (CsNO3) was purchased from Fluka. Potassium
hydrogen phthalate (KHP) used for the NaOH standardization was obtained
from Sigma-Aldrich. Five standard buffers, pH = 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10
that were purchased from Reidel-de Haën were used for the potentiometric
measurements, i.e., electrode calibration. All solutions were prepared
by dissolving them in CO2-free deionized water. All chemicals
were used as-received without purification.
8
Analytical Method Validation for Lead
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Appropriate quality assurance procedures and precautions were taken to ensure the authenticity of the results. Samples were carefully handled to avoid cross-contamination. Glassware was properly cleaned and deionized water was used throughout the study. All of the reagents, including nitric acid (Riedel-de Haen, Germany), hydrofluoric acid (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) and perchloric acid (British Drug House Chemicals Limited, England) were of analytical grade. In order to check the reliability of the analytical method employed for Pb determination, one blank and combine standards were run with every batch of 12 samples to detect background contamination and monitor consistency between batches. The result of the analysis was validated by digesting and analyzing standard reference materials (Lichen coded IAEA-336) following the same procedure. The analyzed values and the certified reference values of the elements determined were compared to determine the reliability of the analytical method employed.
9
Activated Carbon Adsorption Characterization
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The activated carbon used as adsorbent in this work was Norit ROX 0.8. S-IV (general purpose grade) and cyclohexane (99.99%) which were obtained from Fisher Chemical, whereas H 2 O 2 (30%, w/v) was obtained from Panreac. Sulphuric acid (96-98 wt.%), nitric acid (65 wt.%) and urea (65 wt.%) were obtained from Riedel-de-Haën. Distilled water was used throughout the work.
10
Bioactive Polyurethane Scaffold Fabrication
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Polyurethane, ChronoFlex C45D, was bought in the form of pellets from AdvanSource Biomaterial, Wilmington, MA, USA. N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), acrylic acid (AA, 99%), sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS, 98%), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC, purity ≥ 98.0%), MES buffer (2-(N- morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid, ≥99.5%), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, tablets), toluidine blue O (TBO), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), acetic acid, hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), ethanol(EtOH, 99%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Poznań, Poland. Nitric acid (HNO3, 65%) was purchased from Carlo Erba, ammonium cerium (IV) sulphate dihydrate ((NH4)4Ce(SO4)4.2H2O, p.a. grade) from Riedel-de Haen). Peptides with GSGREDVGSG (REDV) and GSGYIGSRGSG (YIGSR) sequences (purity ≥ 98%) were purchased from Novazym, Poznań, Poland (REDV, 99.52%). N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (sulfo-NHS, purity ≥ 98.0%) was purchased from ThermoFisher, Waltham, MA, USA.
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