ACE concentration and H2O2 evolution were determined by spectrophotometric analysis (Scinco, S3100) at 226 and 350 nm, respectively. TC, TOC and IC measurements were completed on a Shimadzu TOC-VWS instrument. pH was recorded by a pH meter WTW 7110. Hg- thermometer was employed for calorimetric determinations. BOD5 (OxiTop instrument) determinations were carried out according to the standard methods. Data logger instrument (LabPro Vernier) was used to measure the online input/output of voltage and current. All experiments were carried out at least twice.
Toc vws
Manufactured by Shimadzu
The TOC-VWS is a total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer from Shimadzu. It measures the amount of organic carbon present in water samples. The instrument uses combustion and infrared detection methods to quantify the TOC levels.
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3 protocols using toc vws
1
Spectrophotometric Analyses of Environmental Parameters
2
Analysis of Aqueous Contaminants
3
Wastewater Characterization through Analytical Methods
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Samples were analysed according to the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater [26 ]. The analytical parameters studied have been: total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), total suspended solid (TSS) and volatile suspended solids (VSS) using thermogravimetric methods. Furthermore, chemical oxygen demand (COD) (by dichromate potassium digestion and titration), soluble total organic carbon (TOCs with a TOC-VWS Shimadzu analyser equipped with non-dispersive infrared –NDIR- sensors); Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN, by digestion, distillation and titration), proteins (based on the content of organic nitrogen), phosphorus (by digestion and spectrophotometry), pH and fat (extraction at 60 °C) were calculated.
The concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) (acetic, propionic, butyric, isobutyric, valeric and isovaleric), at the beginning and at the end of the tests, were determined by gas chromatography using a Hewlett Packard gas chromatograph (model 5890) equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID). The biogas samples were analysed in a gas chromatograph (Varian 3380), equipped with a detector thermal conductivity detector (TCD) and two columns: Porapack S and a molecular sieve, for the quantitative determination of the biogas composition. The method was developed with an external standard. The carrier gas was helium.
The concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) (acetic, propionic, butyric, isobutyric, valeric and isovaleric), at the beginning and at the end of the tests, were determined by gas chromatography using a Hewlett Packard gas chromatograph (model 5890) equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID). The biogas samples were analysed in a gas chromatograph (Varian 3380), equipped with a detector thermal conductivity detector (TCD) and two columns: Porapack S and a molecular sieve, for the quantitative determination of the biogas composition. The method was developed with an external standard. The carrier gas was helium.
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