Fentanyl and 2H5-Fentanyl were purchased from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX). Carfentanil, sufentanil, and their corresponding N-phenyl-2H5 labeled forms, as well as 13C6-alfentanil HCl were custom synthesized by Battelle (Columbus, OH). Lofentanil, alfentanil, 3-methyl Fentanyl, and α-methyl Fentanyl, were generous gifts from a variety of sources listed in the Acknowledgements. Structures of all target analytes are shown in Figure 1 . High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from Tedia Company, Inc. (Fairfield, OH). Formic acid (99%) and ammonium hydroxide (28.6%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Pittsburgh, PA). Deionized (DI) water (>18MΩ·cm) was prepared on-site using an installed water purification system (Aqua Solutions, Inc., Jasper, GA). Pooled whole blood and a convenience set of individual whole blood samples were purchased from Tennessee Blood Services (Memphis, TN). Use of deidentified spiked blood from a commercial source was not deemed to constitute human subject research.
Fentanyl
Manufactured by Cerilliant
Sourced in United States
Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid analgesic used as a reference standard in analytical and bioanalytical laboratories. It is a highly potent and controlled substance. The core function of Fentanyl is to serve as a reference material for the identification, quantification, and quality control of fentanyl and its related compounds in various sample matrices.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Fentanyl d5, by Cerilliant (5 mentions)
Oxycodone, by Cerilliant (3 mentions)
Hydromorphone, by Cerilliant (3 mentions)
Norfentanyl, by Cerilliant (3 mentions)
Morphine d3, by Cerilliant (3 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ammonium hydroxide, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Tedia (2 mentions)
Heroin, by Cerilliant (2 mentions)
Codeine, by Cerilliant (2 mentions)
Nordiazepam, by Cerilliant (2 mentions)
Naloxone, by Cerilliant (2 mentions)
Hydrocodone, by Cerilliant (2 mentions)
Oxymorphone, by Cerilliant (2 mentions)
Clonazepam, by Cerilliant (2 mentions)
Lorazepam, by Cerilliant (2 mentions)
Meperidine, by Cerilliant (2 mentions)
Methadone, by Cerilliant (2 mentions)
Oxazepam, by Cerilliant (2 mentions)
Temazepam, by Cerilliant (2 mentions)
9 protocols using fentanyl
1
Quantification of Synthetic Opioids in Blood
2
Analytical Standards for Opioid Detection
3
Quantitative Analysis of Fentanyl Analogs
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Legally exempt, certified reference standards (fentanyl, carfentanil oxalate, acrylfentanyl, 4‐fluoro‐isobutyryl fentanyl (FIBF), furanylfentanyl, heroin, acetaminophen, chlorpheniramine maleate, and pseudoephedrine) and isotopically labeled internal standards (fentanyl‐d5, carfentanil‐d5 oxalate, acetaminophen‐d4, chlorpheniramine‐d6 maleate, and pseudoephedrine‐d3 HCl) were purchased from Cerilliant Corporation (Round Rock, TX, USA). Caffeine and Caffeine‐d3 were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The structures of all drugs used in this study are given in Figure S1. HPLC grade methanol was obtained from VWR International (Mississauga, ON, Canada). ACS grade formic acid was acquired from GFS Chemicals (Columbus, OH, USA). Deionized (DI) water was prepared using a water purification system (18.4 MΩ·cm Facility Scale Reverse Osmosis/Ion Exchange Water Purification System; Applied Membranes Inc, Vista, CA, USA). All standards were prepared gravimetrically, with w/w concentrations represented as ng of analyte per g of total mass.
4
Certified Reference Standards for Drugs
5
Comprehensive Opioid Quantification Protocol
6
Comprehensive Fentanyl Analogue Analysis
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Reagents and standards of furanylFentanyl, 4-fluorobutyrFentanyl, acrylFentanyl, butyrylFentanyl, and 4-anilino-N-phenethyl-piperidine (4-ANPP) were produced by Chiron (Trondheim, Norway). AcetylFentanyl and carfentanil were obtained by Toronto Research Chemicals (North York, Canada) while ocfentanil and norFentanyl were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). CyclopropylFentanyl, α-methylFentanyl, and β-hydroxyFentanyl were provided by National Institute of Health (ISS). Fentanyl and the deuterated internal standards (norFentanyl-d5, Fentanyl-d5) were produced by Cerilliant (Round Rock, Texas, USA). All other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Ultra-pure water was obtained using a Milli-Q® UF-Plus apparatus (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). All stock standard solutions were prepared in methanol at 1 mg/mL and stored at − 20 °C until used. Working solutions were prepared at the final concentration of 1000 ng/mL by dilution with methanol.
7
Sensitive Bioanalytical Quantification Method
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Adenosine, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400, Triton™ X-100, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and 1-pentanol were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Oakville, ON, Canada). Dextromethorphan, fentanyl, and fentanyl-D5 were acquired from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX, USA). Urine was purchased from BioIVT (Westbury, NY, USA). The HPLC-grade methanol and acetonitrile were bought from Caledon Laboratory Chemicals (Georgetown, ON, Canada) and J.T. Baker (Radnor, PA, USA), respectively. Deionized water (18 MΩ) was produced in-house using a Millipore Integral 10 water purification system (Billerica, MA, USA).
8
Quantification of Fentanyl Analogues
9
Comprehensive Analytical Reference Standards
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Certified reference materials of amitriptyline, bupropion, citalopram, desipramine, desmethylcitalopram, duloxetine, fluoxetine, imipramine, mirtazapine, nortriptyline, paroxetine, sertraline and trazodone were purchased from LGC Standards (Teddington, London, UK); certified reference materials of clomipramine, desmethylvenlafaxine, doxepin, hydroxybupropion, norfluoxetine, norsertraline, trimipramine, venlafaxine, 7-aminoclonazepam, 7-aminoflunitrazepam, alprazolam, bromazepam, clonazepam, diazepam, flunitrazepam, lorazepam, midazolam, nitrazepam, nordiazepam, oxazepam, temazepam, zolpidem, 6-monoacetylmorphine, N-desmethyltramadol, buprenorphine, codeine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, meperidine, methadone, morphine, naloxone, naltrexone, oxycodone, oxymorphone, tramadol, bupropion-d 9 , citalopram-d 6 , clonazepam-d 4 , codeine-d 3 , diazepam-d 5 , duloxetine-d 3 and morphine-d 3 from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX, USA); methanol, acetonitrile, ammonium formate and formic acid from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany); ultrapure deionized water was purified by Milli-Q from Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA). All solvents used in the extraction procedure were HPLC grade. Quantisal™ oral fluid collection devices and elution buffer were purchased from Immunalysis (Pomona, CA, USA).
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