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5 protocols using anti phospho γ h2ax ser139

1

Western Blot Analysis of DNA Damage Response

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Whole cell lysates were prepared in RIPA buffer supplemented with protease and phosphatase inhibitors. Proteins were resolved on 10–15% SDS-PAGE gels and electroblotted onto PVDF membrane. Membranes were blocked with 5% BSA or dried skimmed milk in TBS-T and incubated in primary antibodies in blocking buffer: anti-pRPA32-Ser33 (A300-246A Bethyl Laboratories), anti-phospho-γH2AX-Ser139 (Merck Millipore, 05–636), anti-pCHK1-Ser345 (Cell signalling #2348), anti-RNA polymerase II CTD repeat YSPTSPS (phospho-S5) (Abcam ab5401), anti-PUM2 (Bethyl Laboratories A300-202A), anti-RNASEH1 (SantaCruz Biotechnologies, H-4, sc-376,326), anti-β-actin (Abcam ab6276), anti-Vinculin (Merck Millipore, V9131), anti-GAPDH (Cell Signalling 14C10 #2118). Membranes were washed and incubated with HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies and blots developed with Luminata™ forte (Merck-Millipore) and imaged using iBright (Invitrogen).
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2

Visualizing DNA damage response foci

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Cells were fixed with 4% PFA, permeabilized with 0.5% Triton X-100, blocked with 2% BSA and 10% goat serum in TBS and incubated with primary antibodies in blocking buffer: anti-phospho-γH2AX-Ser139 (Merck Millipore, 05–636), anti-53BP1 (Novus Biologicals, NB100–904), anti-DNA:RNA hybrid [S9.6] (ENH002, Kerafast). Slides were TBS-washed, incubated in secondary antibodies in blocking buffer (anti-mouse-AlexaFluor-488, anti-mouse-AlexaFluor-594, anti-rabbit-AlexaFluor-488, anti-rabbit-AlexaFluor-594, ThermoFisher) and counterstained with TO-PRO-3 (ThermoFisher, T3605) and DAPI (ThermoFisher, 62,248). Slides were mounted in Vectashield Hardset Antifade Mounting medium (Vector laboratories). Images were acquired using LSM510 confocal microscope (Zeiss) at × 60 magnification. DNA damage foci were quantified using ImageJ.
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3

DNA Damage and Cell Cycle Assay

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H2DCFDA (Cat. number: HY-D0940), BrdU (Cat. number: HY-15910), palbociclib (Cat. number: HY-50767), ribociclib (Cat. number: HY-15777), niraparib (Cat. number: HY-10619), and olaparib (Cat. number: HY-10162) were from MedChem Express. Anti-phospho-γ-H2AX (Ser139) (Cat. number: 05-636) and FITC-conjugated anti-BrdU (Cat. number: MAB3262F) antibodies were from Millipore. Anti-Rb (ab181616), Anti-phospho-Rb (Ser780) (ab173289), Anti-histone H3 (ab1791), and Anti- PARP1 (ab191217) were from Abcam.
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4

Immunoblotting for DNA Repair Proteins

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Olaparib (AZD2281), rucaparib, and pinometostat (EPZ5676) were obtained from Selleckchem. The following antibodies and reagents were obtained from the indicated suppliers: anti-BRCA2 (Bethyl Laboratories, cat. No. A311-267A, 1:5000), anti-BRCA2 ab-1 (Millipore, cat. No. OP95, 1:1000), anti-BRCA2 ab-2 (Millipore, cat. No. CA1033), anti-β-actin (Sigma, cat. No. A1978), anti-GAPDH (Millipore, cat. No. MAB374, 1:20000), anti-DOT1L (Cell Signaling, cat. No.77087), anti-RAD51 (Millipore, cat. No. ABE257 1:500), and anti-BRCA1 (Calbiochem, cat. No. OP92, 1:500), anti-phospho-γH2AX (Ser139) (Millipore, cat. No. 05-636, 1:400), anti-Vinculin (Cell signaling, cat. No. 13901, 1:1000), anti-H3K79Me (Abcam, cat. No. Ab177185 1:1000) and anti-BrdU (BD Biosciences, cat. No. 347583).
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5

Plasmid Preparation and Gene Knockdown

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The DAB2IP expression plasmid was prepared as described previously (21 (link)), and expression plasmid for human PARP-1 was obtained from Dr. Binhua Zhou (University of Kentucky College of Medicine, KY, USA) (22 (link)). Gene knockdown was performed using pLKO.1 plasmid expressing gene-specific shRNA and purchased from the National RNAi Core Facility of Taiwan (Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan). Cells were plated with 70% confluence and transfection was carried out by using Xfect (Clontech) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Primary antibodies used were as follows: rabbit polyclonal anti-RAD51, mouse polyclonal anti-PARP-1 and monoclonal anti-BRCA1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.), rabbit polyclonal anti-ubiquitine (Cell signaling), anti-phospho-γ-H2AX (Ser139) (Millipore), mouse monoclonal anti-Flag and anti-actin (Sigma-Aldrich), and mouse monoclonal anti-Ku70 and 80 were home-made antibodies.
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