Uv 6300pc

PNIPAm/PMMA hydrogels (1.7 g) were placed in glass vials with ~100 mg/L and ~90 mg/L of MO and TCE, respectively, and shaken at 200 rpm for roughly 24 h (until equilibrium was reached) in an incubated shaker with temperature control. The MO sample was then diluted (1 mL of sample in 50 mL of DIW with 0.1 NaOH for pH adjustment) to reach absorbance values under 1, thus still following the Beer–Lambert Law. pH was also measured and adjusted if necessary to ensure all UV-Vis measurements for MO were taken at the same pH. UV-Vis measurements were conducted using a UV-6300PC (VWR International, Leuven, Belgium).
Alternatively, the TCE sample was extracted in hexane, 1 μL of the extracted solvent was taken, and it was then diluted 100:1 during GCMS injection. Specifically, for the adsorption study, the incubator was set at 40 °C, which, as previously mentioned, allowed for adsorption to reach equilibrium. After adsorption equilibrium and measurement of concentration (2–3 mL for UV-Vis), the hydrogel was then placed into DIW and shaken again for ~24 h at 23 °C to reach desorption equilibrium. As the hydrogel was in a swollen state below PNIPAm’s LCST, the samples were centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 5 min to separate the hydrogel from the water, and then the separated DIW (with desorbed contaminant) was measured based on the previously mentioned steps.

Total antioxidant capacity was measured as total antioxidant status—TAS and as ferric reducing antioxidant power—FRAP. TAS was determined automatically on biochemical analyzer Konelab 20i^® (ThermoScientific, Vantaa, Finland), using the colorimetric method (Randox TAS Kit, Crumlin, United Kingdom) with linearity of up to 2.50 mmol/L. The results were expressed in mmol/L of Trolox equivalents because a calibration curve was constructed for this standard. The ferric reducing antioxidant power was measured using the colorimetric method with ferric tripyridyltriazine [33 (link)]. FRAP reagent was prepared ex tempore by mixing 300 mM acetate buffer (pH 3.6), 10 mM 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ) in 40 mM HCl and 20 mM aqueous solution of FeCl₃ × 6H₂O in proportion 10:1:1, respectively. 500 μL of FRAP reagent was mixed with 100 µL of a 1:9 diluted sample, incubated for 5 min at 37 °C and then centrifuged at 2000× g for 10 min at room temperature. The supernatants were analyzed spectrophotometrically at 593 nm against a reagent blank using a UV/Vis spectrophotometer (UV-6300PC, VWR, Shanghai, China). A calibration curve was performed for the known amounts of Fe²⁺ in the solution, from 0.05 to 0.25 mM Fe²⁺.

The morphology and size of the AuNP, DyAu@AuNP and DyAuNP was determined with a JEM-1400 Plus transmission electron microscope (TEM, JEOL) at the acceleration voltage of 120 kV. The UV–vis absorption spectra of AuNPs were measured by a UV–VIS-NIR spectrophotometer (UV-6300PC, VWR). The hydrodynamic radius of the samples was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) which consisted of a JDS uniphase 633 nm 35 mW laser source, an ALV sp 125 s/w 93 goniometer, a fibre detector and a Perkin Elmer photo counter. The data was fitted using the CONTIN method and the Stokes–Einstein equation (Eq. 1) was used to determine the hydrodynamic radius of the nanoparticles. $$R_H=\frac{\mathit{kT}}{6\pi \eta D}$$

Betalain pigment was extracted from VIGS‐treated plants that exhibited the loss of red pigment phenotype, uninoculated controls, an accession of A. tricolor with green leaves (accession: PI607446; obtained from USDA, Ames, Iowa, USA), and commercial red beetroot (obtained from a grocery store). Extraction followed the methodology outlined by Jain et al. (2015) with a slight modification: 0.1 g of fresh tissue was collected and kept frozen in liquid nitrogen, ground to a powder, resuspended in 5 mL of 100% methanol, and kept at 4°C for 2 h. The extracts were then centrifuged at 12,000 × g for 10 min. The supernatant was discarded, and the pellet was dissolved in 5 mL of reverse osmosis water (pH 5.0), as the betalain pigment is highly soluble in water. The absorption spectrum of the extracts was analyzed at the wavelength 280–730 nm at 23 ± 1°C on a UV‐Vis Spectrophotometer (UV‐6300PC; VWR International, Radnor, Pennsylvania, USA).

The
shape and size of the PEG-AuNPs were imaged with a 120 kV JEM-1400
Plus transmission electron microscope (TEM, JEOL). The size distribution
of the nanoparticles was studied by measuring the size of at least
150 particles in each sample. The absorption spectrum of PEG-AuNPs
was measured by a UV–Vis–NIR spectrophotometer (UV-6300PC,
VWR). The hydrodynamic diameter and ζ potential of the PEG-AuNPs
were determined by a Zetasizer (nano-ZS, Malvern). To determine the
concentration of gold content in each sample, 10 μL of a sample
was first dissolved in 100 μL of aqua regia and then measured
using ICP-OES (Optima 8000, PerkinElmer).

Dissolution tests were performed using the PTW S III dissolution tester (PharmaTest, Hainburg, Germany). Capsules were tested in a basket apparatus (United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) apparatus I) at 100 rpm and tablets in a paddle apparatus (USP apparatus II) at 50 rpm (unless otherwise stated). A total of 900 mL of dissolution media was used at 37 °C. At predefined times, 5 mL samples were withdrawn. The samples were filtered through 0.45 µm PTFE filters (obtained from Carl Roth GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany). The sample volume was replaced with blank buffer. Samples were quantified spectrophotometrically (UV–visible spectrophotometer, UV-6300PC, VWR International) at drug-specific wavelengths (diclofenac, 276 nm; mesalamine, 311 nm; paracetamol, 243 nm; and caffeine, 275 nm). During the experiment with bicarbonate buffer, the dissolution media was sparged with a mixture of CO₂ and air to adjust the pH accordingly. The ionic strength of all buffers was adjusted to 154 mM with NaCl. All experiments were performed in triplicate, if not stated otherwise. The time required to achieve 5% release (t_5%) was calculated by linear interpolation and used for comparison. This parameter is most representative of the coat dissolution rather than the whole dissolution profile [16 (link)]. Data are given as mean value ± standard deviation (SD).