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Spcm aqrh 14

Manufactured by Excelitas

The SPCM-AQRH-14 is a single-photon counting module manufactured by Excelitas. It is a highly sensitive detector capable of detecting single photons with high efficiency and low noise. The core function of this product is to convert individual photons into electrical pulses for applications requiring high-precision photon counting.

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6 protocols using spcm aqrh 14

1

Dual-Color Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy of GFP-Rab35

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dcFCCS measurements were conducted on a home-built confocal microscope, based on a Zeiss AXIO Observer D1 fluorescence microscope equipped with solid-state 488 nm and 640 nm excitation lasers (Coherent Inc. OBIS Smart Lasers), an oil-immersion objective (Zesis, 100×, numerical aperture = 1.4) and avalanche photodiode detectors (APDs, Excelitas, SPCM-AQRH-14) as previously described.15 (link) Fluorescence passed through a pinhole (50 μm diameter), and then was split by a T635lpxr dichroic mirror (Chroma). Bandpass filters ET525/50m (Chroma) and ET700/75m (Chroma) were used to further filter fluorescence for GFP and Cy5 detection channels, respectively.
WT or mutated GFP-Rab35 protein was centrifuged at 13,000 rpm for 10 min to remove aggregates. dcFCCS experiments were carried out with 488 nm and 640 nm laser excitation at 25 °C. GFP-Rab35 and ITGα5-cyto were mixed in 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 100 mM NaCl, 2 mM MgCl2, 0.1% BSA and then loaded immediately onto coverslips passivated with polyethylene glycol. Raw data of photon arrival time were recorded for 5 min. Experiments were repeated three times for each experimental condition.
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2

Dual-Color FCCS Measurements on Biomolecules

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According to our previous procedure (42 (link)), dcFCCS measurements were performed on a home-built confocal microscope, based on a Zeiss AXIO Observer D1 fluorescence microscope with an oil-immersion objective (100x, NA = 1.4), solid-state 488 and 640 nm excitation lasers (Coherent Inc. OBIS Smart Lasers) and avalanche photodiode (APD) detectors (Excelitas, SPCM-AQRH-14). Fluorescence excited passed through a 50-µm diameter pinhole and was split by a T635lpxr dichroic mirror (Chroma). Fluorescence was further filtered by bandpass filters ET525/50 m for AF488 detection channel (Chroma) and ET700/75 m for Cy5 detection channel (Chroma), and detected by APDs. It took 2 min to mix the samples well, load them onto slides, turn on the lasers and detectors, and initiate data collection. Raw data of photon arriving time was recorded for another 5 min. At least three repeats were performed for each experiment.
In most conditions, dcFCCS experiments were performed with 488 and 640 nm lasers at 25°C in 20 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 100 mM NaCl, 5 mM MgCl2. To examine the effects of Mn2+ and Zn2+ on phase separation, 5 mM MnCl2 or 200 µM ZnCl2 were added in 20 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 100 mM NaCl, separately. The specific types and concentrations of protein and DNA are indicated in each figure legend and the corresponding schematics.
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3

Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Lifetime Analysis

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For time‐resolved photoluminescence lifetime and second‐order autocorrelation experiments, a picosecond pulsed 780 nm laser (Picoquant LDH 780‐B) with a repetition rate of 5 MHz was used for sample excitation and a Hanbury Brown‐Twiss setup consisting of a 50:50 beamsplitter and two single photon avalanche photodiodes (Excelitas SPCM‐AQRH‐14) with timing resolution of 300 ps were used. TRPL was analyzed using a TCSPC module (Picoquant Hydraharp 400).
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4

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy Setup

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Single‐molecule fluorescence experiments were conducted on a homebuilt confocal setup as depicted in Figure S2, Supporting Information at 295 K. Green (532 nm, LDH‐D‐FA‐530L, PicoQuant) and/or red laser light (640 nm, LDH‐D‐C‐640, PicoQuant) were used to excite donor and acceptor dyes. Before focusing on the sample by a 60× water immersion objective (CFI Plan Apo VC 60XC/1.2 WI, Nikon), both beams were polarized and overlaid by a dichroic mirror (zt 532 RDC, AHF). In the emission path a second dichroic mirror (F53‐534 Dual Line beam splitter z 532/633, AHF) separated donor fluorescence from acceptor fluorescence. Pinholes (100 µm diameter, if not described otherwise) filtered off‐focus light. Before detection, polarizing beam splitters separated parallel and perpendicular polarized light. Donor and acceptor emission was detected by single‐photon detectors (two SPCM‐AQRH‐14, Excelitas and two PDM series APDs, Micro Photon Devices).
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5

Optical Characterization of Quantum Dots

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For optical characterization
and measurements, we use an inverted optical microscope to confocally
pump the dots at 450 nm (LDH-P-C-450B pulsed laser, PicoQuant) at
a 10 MHz repetition rate of <70 ps pulses, with 90 nW inserted
into the microscope. An oil objective (Nikon Plan APO VC, NA = 1.4)
focuses the pump laser onto the sample and collects the fluorescence.
The excitation provides a similar pulse energy density to that in
ref (13 (link)) at the lowest
energy density ⟨N⟩ ≪ 1 quoted
in that work. With the estimated efficiency of our setup, the excitation
probability per optical pulse is estimated at <0.1 from the count
rate. The fluorescence from the sample is directed to a camera (PCO.edge
4.2, PCO AG), a spectrometer (PI Acton SP2300), or two fiber-coupled
avalanche photodiodes (APDs) (SPCM-AQRH-14, Excelitas) in a Hanbury
Brown & Twiss configuration. The APDs are coupled to a photon
correlator (Becker & Hickl DPC-230) that measures the absolute
photon arrival times.
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6

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Microscope Setup

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Full details of the construction and operation of the smfBox are described in Supplementary Note 1, Supplementary Figs. 114, Supplementary Movie 1 and online18 . Briefly, the smfBox alternates two lasers (515 nm–222 μW, and 635 nm–68 μW, Omicron LuxX plus lasers, powers measured immediately before the excitation dichroic) by TTL-controlled modulation of electronic shutters. The beams are coupled into a single-mode fibre before being collimated (to 10 mm) and cropped by an iris (to 5 mm), then directed into a custom built anodised-aluminium microscope body (see Supplementary Figures 114, and Supplementary Data 1 and 2 for technical drawings and a CAD file of the assembled instrument). A dichroic mirror (Chroma ZT532/640 rpc 3 mm) directs the beam into an objective (Olympus UPLSAPO ×60 NA = 1.35 oil immersion), and the same objective collects the emission, which is focussed onto a 20 μm pinhole and split (Chroma NC395323—T640lpxr) to two avalanche photodiodes (SPCM-AQRH-14 and SPCM-NIR-14, Excelitas), where photon arrival times are recorded by a national instruments card (PCIe-6353).
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