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4 protocols using anti np

1

Immunoprecipitation and Immunoblotting Analysis

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Cell lysates were prepared in lysis buffer containing 1% Nonidet P-40 and protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche) (Cao et al., 2003 (link)). Soluble proteins were immunoprecipitated using anti-Flag (M2, Sigma), anti-Myc (Sigma), or IgG of the same isotype from the same species as a negative control (Sigma). An aliquot of the total lysate (5%, vol/vol) was included as a control. Immunoblotting was performed with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-Myc (Sigma), HRP-conjugated anti-Flag (Sigma), HRP-conjugated anti-β-actin (Sigma), anti-VP35 (Creative Diagnostics), anti-IRF3 (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-phospho-IRF3 Ser396 (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-STING (Proteintech), or anti-NP (Sino Biological) antibodies. The antigen–antibody complexes were visualized via chemiluminescence (Immobilon Western Chemiluminescent HRP Substrate, Millipore). A PageRuler Western marker (Thermo) was used as a molecular weight standard.
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2

Immunofluorescence Imaging of Innate Immune Signaling

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Cells were transfected, fixed, permeabilized, and blocked as described above. Then, after incubation with anti-TBK1 (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-IKKε (Abcam), anti-IRF3 (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-VP35 (Creative Diagnostics), anti-NP (Sino Biological), or anti-STING (Bioss) antibodies overnight at 4°C, the cells were washed three times with phosphate buffered saline with tween 20 (PBST) buffer and then incubated with 488-conjugated anti-IRF3 (Proteintech) antibodies, FITC- or TRITC-conjugated goat anti-rabbit (or anti-mouse) IgG secondary antibodies for another 1 hr at room temperature. The cells were then stained with DAPI after washing and imaged using a laser scanning confocal microscope (Zeiss LSM 800 Meta) with a ×63 oil immersion lens.
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3

SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Calu-3 Cells

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A clinical isolate nCoV-2019BetaCoV/Wuhan/WIV04/2019 was propagated in Vero E6 cells. All the infection experiments were performed in a biosafety level-3 laboratory. Briefly, Calu-3 cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2 at a multiplicity of infection of 0.05. Viral N protein and ORF3a expression in infected cells was analyzed by western blot using primary antibodies anti-NP (Sino biological, 40143-MM08) and anti-ORF3a (Bioworld Technology, NCP0017) at 48 h postinoculation.
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4

Immunofluorescence Analysis of AKIP1, VP35, and CREB

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Cells were transfected, fixed, permeabilized, and blocked as described above. Then, after incubation with anti-AKIP1 (Thermo, PA5-66385, 1:100 dilution), anti-VP35 (Creative Diagnostics, CABT-B292, 1:100 dilution), anti-NP(Sino Biological, 40443-MM07 or 40443-T62, 1:100 dilution), anti-PRKACA (BD Biosciences, 610980, 1:100 dilution), anti-CREB1 (Cell Signaling Technology, 9197, 1:100 dilution), or anti-pCREB1-S133 (Abcam, ab32096, 1:50 dilution) antibodies overnight at 4 °C, the cells were washed three times with blocking solution and then incubated with FITC- or TRITC-conjugated goat anti-rabbit (or anti-mouse) IgG. The cells were then stained with DAPI after washing and imaged using a laser scanning confocal microscope (Zeiss LSM 800 Meta, built-in software ZEN2.3) with a 63× oil immersion lens. The intensity of CREB1 in the cytoplasm and nucleus was analyzed by ImageJ software.
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