P40pro

DCSM polymers in different permanent shapes (strip, helical shape, curly shape, butterfly shape, and flower shape) were programmed into temporary shapes on a 90 °C heating panel for 60 s. The programmed strips were cooled to room temperature for 120 s. Finally, these strips were placed back onto the 90 °C heating panel to perform shape memory processes. The pictures and movies were recorded using a digital phone (Huawei P40Pro).

The ferric oxide particles were synthesized using a modified solvothermal approach (Huang et al, 2020b (link)). Specifically, 0.6 g of ferric chloride hexahydrate and 0.15 g of trisodium citrate dihydrate were dissolved in 25 mL of ethylene glycol. Subsequently, 0.96 g of anhydrous sodium acetate was added, and the resultant mixture underwent a solvothermal reaction. Finally, the ferric oxide particles were washed and dried for further use. For characterization of the particles, 3D confocal reconstruction images were obtained using a KEYENCE VK-X3000 (KEYENCE Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan). Digital image of the microarray was captured using the P40 Pro (Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., China). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential measurements were performed using a Mastersizer 2000 instrument (Malvern Instruments Inc., Worcestershire, UK). The ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) was obtained using a UV-3600 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Scanning electron microscopy was performed with a Gemini 300 (ZEISS Ltd., Oberkochen, Germany). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), and elemental mapping were conducted using a JEOL JEM-2100F (JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Japan).

The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were measured using a Rigaku D/Max-2400 X-ray diffractometer, while PL spectra were obtained using an FLS-920T fluorescence spectrophotometer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the particle morphology and acquire the element distribution characteristics of the particles, with an FEI-Apreo S instrument. The surface morphology and surface electron distribution of the samples were obtained by using an Oxford Cypher S AFM Microscope (Supplementary Note 18). The valence states of the ions were identified through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) using the PHI-5702 model. Luminescence signals were collected in situ through an optical fiber connected to a collimator (BFC-441) and then transferred to an Omni-λ300i spectrometer equipped with a CCD camera (iVac-316). Photos and videos were captured with a Huawei phone (P40 Pro). Finite element simulations were carried out using the Caelinux 2018 operating system integrated with Salome MECA 2018.