Daporinad

Drug compounds were pre-dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or de-ionized water to a stock solution based on solubility and stored at –20 °C. Cisplatin was obtained from Qilu Pharmaceutical. Lobaplatin was obtained from Hainan Changan International Pharmaceutical. All other tested compounds were obtained from Selleck, including RSL (Cat# S8155), Erlotinib (Cat# S1023), TMZ (Cat# S1237), JW-55 (Cat# S6745), TGX-221 (Cat# 1169), Dasatinib (Cat# S1021), Lovastatin (Cat# S2061), Daporinad (Cat# S2799), and Docetaxel (Cat# S1148).
Before drug treatment, the compounds were diluted in NBM to a concentration that ensured DMSO was less than 0.1% when treating cells. GSCs were bioprinted at 5000 cells per well with 50 μL of medium in 96-well plates and allowed to culture overnight at 37 °C with 5% CO₂. The next day, 50 μL of 2× drug solution was added to the wells. Cell viability was assessed at the 72-h time point after drug treatment using CellTiter-Glo 3D assay (Promega). Briefly, 100 μL of CellTiter-Glo 3D was added, and the plates were shaken at 300 rpm for 10 min to ensure uniform mixing. The luminescence was measured on a plate reader (Tecan) using luciferase reading. The IC₅₀ values were calculated from dose-response curves generated using GraphPad Prism 9 software. All experiments were performed as triplicates.