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6 protocols using β1 3 galactosidase

1

Glycoprotein Analysis: Enzymatic Approaches

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Dithiothreitol (DTT), iodoacetamide (IAA), ammonium bicarbonate (ABC), ammonium acetate (AA), ammonium hydroxide, ribonuclease B from bovine pancreas (RNase B), fetuin from fetal calf serum (bovine fetuin), asialofetuin from fetal calf serum (asialofetuin) and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein from human plasma (AGP) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Murine IgG1 (Intact mAb Mass Check Standard) was obtained from Waters Corporation (Milford, MA). α2–3 neuraminidase, α2–3,6,8,9 neuraminidase, β1–3 galactosidase, β1–4 galactosidase and β1–3,4 galactosidase were acquired from New England Biolabs (Ipswich, MA). Mass spectrometry grade Trypsin/Lys-C mixture, sequencing grade chymotrypsin and sequencing grade endoprotease Glu-C (Glu-C) were obtained from Promega (Madison, WI). HPLC grade water was acquired from Mallinckrodt Chemicals (Phillipsburg, NJ). HPLC grade acetonitrile was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ).
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2

Deglycosylation of rhPRG4 and FLS Interaction

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rhPRG4 was incubated with β1-3 galactosidase and α2-3, 6, 8 neuraminidase (New England BioLabs, Ipswich, MA, US) separately or in combination (simultaneously) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. FLSs were prepared (Ren et al., 2021 (link)) from normal individuals (n = 3) and OA patients (n = 3) and were incubated with 15 mg of rhPRG4 (intact, deglycosylated with α2-3, 6, 8 neuraminidase, β1-3 galactosidase, or both) for 48 h at 37°C at 5% CO2. The effect of the deglycosylation was monitored as a shift in the migration of rhPRG4 using SDS-PAGE (Supplementary Figure S3).
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3

Galactose Removal from Glycan Samples

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To remove galactose from glycan samples, the purified sample solution of 2AB-GSLs from cells (20 μL→S.V.) and Control: de-fucosylated (fucosidase-treated) 10 pmol/μL × 2 μL (20 pmol) 2AB-labeled LNFP II/III (Seikagaku Corporation) were treated with 8 U of β1-4 Galactosidase S (P0745, New England Biolabs) in 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) (total: 10–12 μL) or with 10 U of β1-3 Galactosidase (P0726, New England Biolabs) in 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) (total: 10–12 μL) at 37 °C for at least 18 h. If galactose cleavage in the sample was incomplete, the digestion was repeated until complete cleavage was confirmed.
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4

Lectin-Based Enrichment and Sialic Acid Modification Assays

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All lectins listed were purchased from Vector Laboratories (Burlingame, CA). BSA was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). Bovine fetuin, asialofetuin, and native human alpha-1-acid glycoprotein were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Native human haptoglobin was purchased from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA). Anti-Bovine fetuin polyclonal antibody was purchased from GeneTex, Inc. (Irvine, CA). Papain coated magnetic particles were from Spherotech (Lake Forest, IL). Sialidase A 66 was purchased from Agilent (Santa Clara, CA) while β1-3 Galactosidase and β1-4 Galactosidase S were purchased from New England Biolabs (Ipswitch, NH). Additional β1-4 Galactosidase used on human haptoglobin and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein was purchased from Agilent. Alpha-2,6-Sialyltransferase, rec. and α-2,3-Sialyltransferase, rec. were purchased from Roche Diagnostics GmbH (Mannheim, Germany).
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5

Recombinant Human MR Glycosylation Analysis

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Human recombinant full-length MR with His-tag, expressed in mouse myeloma cell line NS0, was purchased from R&D systems, anti-human IgG Alexa-Fluor 488-conjugated from Jackson ImmunoResearch, and anti–penta-His Alexa-Fluor 488 conjugate from Qiagen. Biotinylated Concanavalin A, R. communis agglutinin-I, Maackia amurensis lectin-I, Sambucus nigra lectin, fluorescein Concanavalin A, fluorescein Wheat germ agglutinin, and Man-BSA were purchased from Vector Laboratories; neuraminidase and Protein A-agarose beads from Roche; O-glycosidase, PNGase F, α-galactosidase, β1,3-galactosidase, and β1,4-galactosidase from New England Biolabs; sequencing grade trypsin from Promega; Glucitol-polyacrylamide (PAA), Man3-PAA, and Glucitol-PAA biotin from Lectinity; GlcNAc and GlcNAc-BSA from Carbosynth. All other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich if not indicated differently.
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6

Sequential Enzymatic Digestion of N-glycans

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For sequential digestion of N-glycans released from SEAP β-N-acetylglucosoaminidase S, β1–3 galactosidase, β1–4 galactosidase S and α2–3,6,8,9 neuraminidase A were used (all enzymes were obtained from New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA, USA). 2-AB-labeled and dried N-glycans were dissolved in 10 µL of 1x GlycoBuffer 1 (New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA, USA) and incubated overnight at 37 °C with exoglycosidase(s) of interest. After digestion, 3 µL of the reaction mixture was mixed with 7 µL of acetonitrile and directly applied onto the GlycoSepN normal-phase amide column.
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