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9 protocols using series s cm5 chip

1

Affinity Measurements of 2C1 Fynomer and IL-17A

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Affinity measurements were performed using a BIAcore T200 instrument (GE Healthcare). For the interaction analysis between 2C1 monomer and IL-17A, a Series S CM5 chip (GE Healthcare) was coated with 2000 Resonance Units of IL-17A immobilized using the amine coupling kit (GE Healthcare). The running buffer was PBS containing 0.05% Tween 20. The interactions were measured at a flow of 30 μl/min and injection of different concentrations of Fynomer 2C1 (highest concentration, 100 nm and subsequent 3-fold dilution series). All kinetic data of the interaction were evaluated using the BIAcore T200 evaluation software. Similarly, for the interaction analysis between 2C1-Fc fusions and IL-17A, a Series S CM5 chip was coated with 500 Resonance Units of IL-17A immobilized using the amine coupling kit (GE Healthcare). The interactions were measured at a flow of 30 μl/min (PBS containing 0.05% Tween 20) and injection of different concentrations of 2C1-Fc fusions (highest concentration: 50 nm and subsequent 2-fold dilution series). All kinetic data of the interaction were evaluated using the BIAcore T200 evaluation software.
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2

Gold Nanoparticle-Based Biosensor Protocol

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Chloroauric acid, sodium tetrahydroborate, and trisodium citrate dehydrate were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent. HEWL, RNase A, and BSA were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. sEGFR and EGF were obtained from Creative BioMart. Cetuximab was obtained from Shanghai TheraMabs Biotech. Mouse anti-EGFR/Cy5 was obtained from Bioss Antibodies. Tri-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine was obtained from Aladdin Reagent. FITC-PEG [polyethylene glycol; molecular weight (MW) 5K]-SH was obtained from Qian-Bi Bio-Tech (Shanghai). Peptides were synthesized by GL Biochem. N-hydroxysuccinimide, N-ethyl-N-(3-diethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, ethanolamine⋅HCl (1 M solution, pH 8.5), HBS-EP buffer [10 mM Hepes, 150 mM NaCl, 3 mM EDTA, 0.05% (vol/vol) surfactant P20, pH 7.4], and series S CM5 chips were obtained from GE Healthcare. Ultrapure Millipore water was used. All other chemicals were of analytical grade.
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3

Kinetic Analysis of CA-II Inhibitor Binding

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The CA-II binding experiment was performed on a Biacore T200 SPR instrument. Series S CM5 chips containing carboxymethylated dextran (GE Healthcare) were used for all measurements. CA-II protein was immobilized using amine coupling chemistry at room temperature. PBS-P+ (pH 7.4, containing 0.5% surfactant P20) buffer was used as immobilization buffer. Using a flow rate of 10 μL/min, the chip surface was activated with a 7 min injection of 0.4 M EDC and 0.1 M NHS, followed by 7 min injection of 100 μg/mL CA-II protein in 10 mM sodium acetate (pH 5.0). Unreacted NHS groups were blocked with 7 min injection of ethanolamine. As a result, CA-II was immobilized on the chip to 6000 response unit. One flow cell of the chip was left as a reference surface without protein immobilization.
For kinetic analysis, 3% DMSO in PBS-P+ was used as running buffer. Inhibitor 1 was 2-fold diluted from 2.0 μM to 0.125 μM and injected for 50 seconds at a flow rate of 30 μL/min and dissociation was monitored for 3 minutes. Each cycle of analyte injection was followed by a 1 minute injection of running buffer as a washing step. Data sets were blank correlated and analyzed with the Biacore T200 evaluation software using a 1:1 binding model.
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4

CTLA-4 Ectodomain Binding Affinity

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All experiments were performed with a Biacore T100 SPR system (GE Healthcare) at 25°C in HBS-EP buffer [10 mmol/L HEPES, pH 7.4, 150 mmol/L NaCl, 3.4 mmol/L edetic acid, 0.005% (v/v) surfactant P20]. Recombinant IgG antibodies were immobilized on Series S CM5 chips (GE Healthcare) and soluble ectodomains of recombinant human CTLA-4 were injected to the flow cells at different concentrations. Background binding to blank immobilized flow cells was subtracted and affinity constants were calculated using BIAcore T100 evaluation software (GE Healthcare) using the 1:1 Langmuir binding model.
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5

SPR Analysis of DLD-Rg3 Interaction

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In this study, a Biacore T200 optical biosensor (GE Healthcare, USA) was used for the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiment. Series S CM5 chips (GE Healthcare, USA) were selected as coupling chips. Ethanolamine HCl, EDC, NHS, caps, and sampling vials were all purchased from Biacore (GE Healthcare, USA). The running buffer was PBS buffer contains 5% DMSO. The recombinant DLD wild-type and mutant proteins (about 50 mg/mL) were coupled to a CM5 chip with approximately 7000 RU coupling amount for each channel. Then the diluted Rg3 (0–300 μM) was flowed through the chips at 30 μL/min. The solvent correction was performed at the same time, and the data were collected and analyzed in the Biacore T200 evaluation software.
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6

Kinetic Evaluation of FOLR1 Binding

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Biacore T100 (GE Healthcare, Buckinghamshire, England) was used to evaluate the binding affinity to FOLR1-His. A Human Antibody Capture Kit (GE Healthcare) was immobilized onto a Series S CM5 chip (GE Healthcare) by amine coupling. Subsequently, KHK2805 or KM8188 was captured on the chip. FOLR1-His prepared for 5-step dilution (12.3, 37, 111, 333 and 1000 ng/mL) by HBS-EP+ buffer (GE Healthcare) was then applied as an analyte. Kinetic constants (ka, kd, KD) were calculated by a 1:1 binding model in single-cycle kinetics using the Biacore T100 Evaluation software program (GE Healthcare).
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7

Kinetic Analysis of Anti-PfCyRPA mAb Binding

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Experiments were performed at 25°C in the HBS-EP+ running buffer (GE Healthcare). Approximately 400 RU of active mAb was amine-coupled to a Series S CM5 chip (GE Healthcare) on Fc 2 (CyP1.9) and Fc 3 (CyP2.38) using standard NHS/EDC chemistry. The dual injection mode was used at a flow-rate of 20 µL/min to first inject 25 nM of recombinant PfCyRPA for 180 sec, directly followed by an injection of anti-PfCyRPA mAb at 30 nM for 180 sec over all flow cells. This was followed by a dissociation time of 180 sec and a regeneration step using 10 mM glycine-HCl pH 1.5 (GE Healthcare) for 5-20 sec, depending on the mAb immobilized on the chip. All data generated was subtracted by the reference flow cell (Fc 1) and blank runs with running buffer.
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8

Thrombin-Protein Binding Kinetics via SPR

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Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based interaction analysis of the sample protein and thrombin was performed using a Biacore 8K instrument (GE Healthcare, Wauwatosa, WI, USA). Sample protein was diluted to 10 µg/mL in 10 mM sodium acetate (pH 4.0) and injected over 420 s at 10 µL/min with approximately 5,000–6,000 RU. Sample protein was immobilized via amine coupling to a series S CM5 chip (GE, USA). Thrombin was diluted in running buffer (PBS, 0.05% P20 (GE, USA)).
Thrombin plated in a 9-point dose response with a compound concentration of 0 as a reference, and the highest compound concentration used was 10 µM (run parameters: 30 µL/min, high-performance injection and data collection at 10 Hz, temperature at 250 °C, association time of 120 s and dissociation time of 600 s). Binding curves are shown, and the affinity constants (KD values) were calculated by BIA evaluation 4.1 software.
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9

Surface Plasmon Resonance Analysis of Ligand-Receptor Binding

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SPR experiments were performed on a BIAcore T200 instrument at 37°C in filtered buffer HBS-P pH 7.4. Proteins (rhDLL4 and rhJAG1) were immobilized on a Series S CM5 chip (GE Healthcare) using GE Healthcare's amine coupling kit. Reference flow channels underwent a cycle of activation and deactivation but were left empty. Serial dilutions of FPLC purified monomeric rhgal/ rhgal3C in HBS-P buffer were used as analyte, with or without addition of 50 mM lactose or 50mM sucrose. Curve fitting was performed in GraphPad Prism 6.0.
The number of exposed gal-3 binding sites per immobilized molecule of JAG1 or DLL4 was calculated using the equation:
bindings sites per immobilized molecule=RUmax/MWanalyteRUimmobilized/MWligand
(Where RUmax is the maximum binding and MW is molecular weight) [63 (link)].
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