Kahweol

Kahweol was purchased from LKT Laboratories Inc. (St. Paul, MN, USA) and hydrogen peroxide solution (H₂O₂) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The anti-Keap1 antibody was purchased form Proteintech (Rosemont, IL, USA), the anti-Nrf2 (1:2000) antibody was purchased from Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA), the anti-p62 (1:10000) and Anti-ATG5 (1:2000) antibody antibody was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK), and the anti-HO-1 (1:5000) antibody was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). The anti-ATG7 (1:2000), anti-β-tubulin (1:10000), anti-cleaved caspase 3 (1:2000), anti-GAPDH, Anti-ubiquitin (1:2000) and anti-Beclin1 (1:2000) antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA).

Kahweol was purchased from LKT Laboratories Inc (St Paul, MN, USA). A 40 mM solution of Kahweol was initially prepared in DMSO, stored as small aliquots at −20°C, and thawed and diluted in cell culture medium, as required. Thioacetamide (TAA) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and recombinant human TGF-β, (5 ng/mL) was purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). The anti-CTGF antibody and anti-phospho-Smad2/3 antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz (Dallas, TX, USA). Anti-Collagen antibody was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK) and anti-αSMA antibody was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Anti-GAPDH antibody, anti-phospho-Smad3 (Ser423/425) antibody, anti-phospho-ERK (Th202/Tyr204) antibody, anti-phospho-JNK (Thr182/Tyr185) antibody and anti-phospho-STAT3 (Tyr705) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA).

Kahweol was purchased from LKT Laboratories Inc. (St. Paul, MN, USA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 055; B5) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Anti-phospho-NFκB antibody, anti-phospho-ERK (Th202/Tyr204) antibody, anti-phospho-JNK (Thr182/Tyr185) antibody, anti-phospho-STAT3 (Tyr705) and anti-GAPDH antibody were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA).