Toluene

Manufactured by Chron Chemicals

Sourced in China

Toluene is a clear, colorless, flammable liquid with a distinctive benzene-like odor. It is a common organic solvent used in various industrial and laboratory applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

10 protocols using toluene

Surface Modification of Polyester Fabrics

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Polyester fabrics (100% PET; 86 g/cm²) were purchased from the Aotai Textile Sales Company, China. DPOP and VTES were obtained from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co. Ltd., China. MTES and OTMS were supplied by Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co. Ltd., China. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was obtained from Tianjin Beichenfangzheng Chemical Co. Ltd., China. Ethanol (AR), butanol, hexanol, acetone, THF, DMSO, TCM, toluene, n-hexane, and PE were supplied by Chengdu Kelong Chemical Co. Ltd., China. All materials were used without further treatment.

Wang Z.H., Liu B.W., Zeng F.R., Lin X.C., Zhang J.Y., Wang X.L., Wang Y.Z, & Zhao H.B. (2022). Fully recyclable multifunctional adhesive with high durability, transparency, flame retardancy, and harsh-environment resistance. Science Advances, 8(50), eadd8527.

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Synthesis of Phenolphthalin from Phenolphthalein

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2,6-difluorobenzonitrile (DFBN, AR) and potassium hydroquinonesulfonate (SHQ, AR) were supplied by Sigma Aldrich (Shanghai, China). Phenolphthalein (PP, AR), anhydrous potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃, AR), N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP, AR), toluene (AR), ethanol (AR), hydrochloric acid (AR), and N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAc, AR) were supplied by Chengdu Kelong Chemical Co. (Chengdu, China). All the materials above were used as received without further purification. The synthesis of phenolphthalin (PPL) from PP was implemented according to the literature [26 (link)].

Liu C., Liu S., Lin J., Wang L., Huang Y, & Liu X. (2019). Component Adjustment of Poly(arylene ether nitrile) with Sulfonic and Carboxylic Groups for Dielectric Films. Polymers, 11(7), 1135.

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Epoxy Resin Synthesis with Flame Retardants

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Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA, E-51: epoxide value 0.51 mol/100 g) was acquired from Nantong Xingchen Synthetic Material Co., Ltd. (Nantong, China). Anhydrous ethanol and toluene were obtained from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Vanillin (VN) was purchased from Shanghai Yuan Ye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). 2,4-Diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine (DPT) was purchased from Wuhan Lanbai Pharmaceutical Chemical Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China).

Yu Y., Chen J., Ding A., Wang C., Wang Y, & Yang L. (2024). Synthesis of a Novel P/N-Triazine-Containing Ring Flame Retardant and Its Application in Epoxy Resin. Polymers, 16(7), 871.

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Immobilized TiO2 Nanoparticles for Enzymatic Detection

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Commercial 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-modified TiO₂ NPs (TiO₂ content ≥ 95%) were purchased from Huizhe Fine Chemistry Co., Ltd. (Suzhou, China). Hexamethylene tetramine (HMTA, purity ≥ 99.5%) and hydrogen peroxide (purity 30%) were obtained from Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). DA (purity ≥ 98%), NAD⁺ (purity ≥ 98%), NADH (purity ≥ 98%), Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and ADH were purchased from Hefei Bomei Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Hefei, China). Ethanol, toluene, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and Tris-HCl were purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Reagent Factory (Chengdu, China). All other chemicals were of analytical grade and used without further purification. All water used in experiments was obtained from Millipore water purification system Milli-Q Integral 5 (Paris, France) (resistance ≥ 18.25 MΩ·cm⁻¹).

Lin S., Sun S., Wang K., Shen K., Ma B., Ren Y, & Fan X. (2018). Bioinspired Design of Alcohol Dehydrogenase@nano TiO2 Microreactors for Sustainable Cycling of NAD+/NADH Coenzyme. Nanomaterials, 8(2), 127.

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Bisphenol-AF Synthesis Protocol

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Bisphenol-AF(BPAF) was obtained from Aladdin Chemicals (Shanghai, China). 2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile (DCBN), K₂CO₃, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), and toluene were all purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). All the chemical reagents were used without further purification.

Tong L., Lei X., Yang G, & Liu X. (2019). Self-Toughening and Self-Enhancement Poly(arylene ether nitrile) with Low Dielectric Constant by Solid Crosslinking Reaction. Polymers, 11(9), 1403.

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Synthesis and Characterization of PASS Polymers

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PASS with an inherent viscosity of 0.42 dL g⁻¹ were synthesized in our laboratory.^{29 (link)} GNPs (purity > 99%) were supplied by The Sixth Element Co., Ltd (Changzhou, China). N-Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP, AR grade), hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, toluene, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and acetone were provided by the Chengdu Kelong Chemical Reagent Factory (China). High-temperature resistant silver paste was purchased from the Jiangsu Shenggelu New Materials Company (China).

Yang J.C., Wang X.J., Zhang G., Wei Z.M., Long S.R, & Yang J. (2020). Segregated poly(arylene sulfide sulfone)/graphene nanoplatelet composites for electromagnetic interference shielding prepared by the partial dissolution method. RSC Advances, 10(35), 20817-20826.

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Synthesis of Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles

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All chemicals are commercially available and used as received without purification (except stated otherwise). Cadmium oxide (CdO, 99.99%), oleic acid (OA, 90%), ODE (90%), and bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfide ((TMS)₂S) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Cadmium acetate dihydride (Cd(OAc)₂·2H₂O, 99.999%) and the bulk cadmium sulfide (CdS, 98%) were from Alfa Aesar. Powder sulfur (S, 99.5%) and isopropanol (i-PrOH, 99.7%) were received from Chengdu Ke Long Chemical. Phenylacetic acid (PhCH₂COOH, 98%) was from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent. DCTB (98.0%) and CHCA were obtained from Tokyo Chemical Industry. Toluene (99.5%) and cyclohexane (CH, 99.5%) were from Chengdu Ke Long Chemical; dried solvents were used for the kinetic study (with ~20 g of Na₂SO₄ for 1000 mL of solvents).

Zhang B., Zhu T., Ou M., Rowell N., Fan H., Han J., Tan L., Dove M.T., Ren Y., Zuo X., Han S., Zeng J, & Yu K. (2018). Thermally-induced reversible structural isomerization in colloidal semiconductor CdS magic-size clusters. Nature Communications, 9, 2499.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Octa-Epoxy POSS

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Epoxy resin (E-51) was supplied by SINOPEC Baling Petrochemical Co., Ltd (China). Methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA) was purchased from Adamas-beta Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (China). N,N′-Dimethylbenzylamine (DMBA) and tetramethylammonium hydroxide pentahydrate (TMAH·5H₂O) were analytical grade reagents purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd (China). KH-560 was purchased from Dinghai Plastic Chemical Co., Ltd (China). Isopropanol (IPA) and toluene were chemical grade reagents purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Co., Ltd (China). Sodium chloride and anhydrous magnesium sulfate were analytical grade chemicals purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (China). All chemicals were used directly without further purification or treatment.
The octa-epoxy terminated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OG-POSS) was synthesized in the laboratory, with an epoxy value of 0.56 mol (100 g)⁻¹. The synthesis route of OG-POSS is shown in Fig. 1, and the details, synthesis and characterization, are described in the ESI S1.†

Han R., Ma X., Cai L., Zhang Z., Fang Y, & Wang J. (2024). Low viscosity and low temperature curing reactive POSS/epoxy hybrid resin with enhanced toughness and comprehensive thermal performance. RSC Advances, 14(11), 7263-7275.

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Graphene-Reinforced Polymer Microspheres

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Styrene (St) and Span 80 were obtained from Innochem Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China. Divinylbenzene (DVB), sodium persulfate (Na₂S₂O₈) and sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) were obtained from Aldrich, Shanghai, China. Graphene (GN, lamellae size 5–15 µm) was supplied by Deyang Carbonene Technology Co., Ltd., and the lamellae were composed of five to six layers of graphene. Absolute ethanol, petroleum ether, chloroform, toluene and acetone were all purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Reagent Factory. Ultrapure deionized water from an ultrapure water machine was used to prepare all solutions.

Zhao C., Huang H., Li J., Li Y., Xiang D., Wu Y., Wang G, & Qin M. (2022). Facile Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Graphene/Polystyrene Foams for Efficient and Continuous Separation of Immiscible and Emulsified Oil/Water Mixtures. Polymers, 14(11), 2289.

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Synthesis of Colloidal Nanocrystals

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Cadmium
oxide (CdO, 99.5%),
oleic acid (HOA, 90.0%), hexanoic acid (C6 acid, 99.5%), myristic
acid (MA, 99.0%), zinc acetate (Zn(OAc)₂, 99.99%), manganese
acetate tetrahydrate (Mn(OAc)₂·4H₂O, 99.0%,),
and 1-octadecene (ODE, C₁₈H₃₆, 90.0%) were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich. Sulfur powder (S, 99.5%), acetic acid (HOAc, CH₃COOH, 99.5%), stearic acid stearic acid (SA, 99.0%), ethanol
(EtOH, 95%), and toluene (Tol, 99.5%) were purchased from Chengdu
Kelong Chemical. Butyric acid (C4 acid, 99.0%) was purchased from
Alfa Aesar, and cyclohexane (CH, 99.5%) was purchased from Tianjin
Zhiyuan Chemical. All the chemicals were used as received without
further purifications.

He Z., Wang D., Yu Q., Zhang M., Wang S., Huang W., Luan C, & Yu K. (2021). Evolution of Photoluminescent CdS Magic-Size Clusters Assisted by Adding Small Molecules with Carboxylic Group. ACS Omega, 6(22), 14458-14466.

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