Hem 752 fuzzy

The physical examination comprised blood pressure (BP) and anthropometric measurements, including height, weight, and BMI. BMI was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height (m)². Well-trained nurses measured BP two times in the left arm of seated participants using an automated electronic device (OMRON model HEM-752 Fuzzy, Omron Company, Dalian, China) after 5-minute sitting. The average of the two readings was calculated to determine the reported BP. The venous blood samples were drawn after 12-hour overnight fasting for examining fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum creatinine, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Fasting 1st morning void urine specimens were obtained for determination of urinary albumin and creatinine. Urine albumin was measured using an immunoturbidimetric assay and urine creatinine using a kinetic assay using the Jaffe creatinine method. Elevated UACR in the current study was defined as UACR ≥3 mg/mmoL [12 (link)]. Glomerular filtration was calculated using the modified Schwartz equation: estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (mL/min/1.73 m²) = (0.413 × height in cm)/serum creatinine in mg/dL [13 (link), 14 (link)].

Anthropometric measurements, including body weight, height, and blood pressure (BP), were performed by trained study nurses according to standard protocols. BMI was estimated by dividing weight (kg) by height (m) squared. The BP measurement was performed on the non-dominant arm, using an automated electronic device (Omron model HEM-752 FUZZY; Omron Company, Dalian, China). The BP measurements were taken with participants in a seated position after 5 min of quiet rest.
On admission, venous blood samples were collected from each patient after at least 12-h fasting in the morning, and analyzed in the clinical chemistry department of Fuwai Hospital [17 (link)]. An automated biochemical analyzer (Hitachi 7150, Tokyo, Japan) was used to measure the concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), TG, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum creatinine, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) with an enzymatic assay. Tosoh Automated Glycohemoglobin Analyzer (HLC-723G8, Tokyo, Japan) was used to estimate glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was determined by the Friedman equation. The eGFR was calculated by the Chinese modified MDRD equation [18 (link)].