Gr73632

Manufactured by Bio-Techne

Sourced in United States

GR73632 is a compact and versatile lab equipment designed for various laboratory applications. It is a multipurpose device that can perform a range of functions. The core function of GR73632 is to provide a reliable and efficient platform for laboratory processes, enabling researchers to conduct their experiments with precision and consistency.

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Lab products found in correlation

9 protocols using gr73632

Pharmacological Modulators of Neuronal Signaling

Cited 1 time

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The following drugs were used in the present study: the NK₁R agonist GR73632 (Sakurada et al., 1999 (link)), PI3K-Akt pathway inhibitor LY294002 (Xiao et al., 2018 (link)), PKC inhibitors chelerythrine and GF109203X (Cho et al., 2001 (link)) (the latter more selectively targets PKCα/β (Asehnoune et al., 2005 (link))), and store-operated Ca²⁺ entry (SOCE) inhibitors YM-58483 and MRS-1845 were purchased from Tocris, Minneapolis, MN. CaMKII inhibitor KN93, ERK1/2 pathway inhibitor U0126 were obtained from Calbiochem, San Diego, CA. The L-type Ca²⁺ channel blocker nifedipine was from Sigma/RBI (St. Louis, MO). The ryanodine receptor antagonist dantrolene, the inositol-1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor (IP₃R) antagonist 2-APB were purchased from Santa Cruz (Dallas,Texas). The 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist palonosetron and NK₁ receptor antagonist netupitant were kindly provided by Helsinn Health Care (Lugano, Switzerland). GR73632 and palonosetron were dissolved in water. Nifedipine, dantrolene, 2-APB, YM-58483, MRS-1845, U0126, LY294002, chelerythrine and GF109203X were dissolved in 25% DMSO in water. Netupitant was dissolved in a 1:1:18 solution of emulphor™, ethanol and saline. All drugs were administered at a volume of 0.1 ml/10 g of body weight.

Zhong W., Chebolu S, & Darmani N. (2018). Intracellular emetic signaling cascades by which the selective neurokinin type 1 receptor (NK1R) agonist GR73632 evokes vomiting in the least shrew (Cryptotis parva). Neurochemistry international, 122, 106-119.

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NK1 Receptor Agonist and Antagonist Study

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The following drugs were used in the present study: the NK₁R agonist GR73632 (Sakurada et al., 1999 (link)) was purchased from Tocris, Minneapolis, MN. The NK₁ receptor antagonist netupitant was kindly provided by Helsinn HealthCare (Lugano, Switzerland). GR73632 was dissolved in distilled water and netupitant was dissolved in a 1:1:18 solution of emulphorTM, ethanol and saline. All drugs were administered at a volume of 0.1 ml/10 g of body weight.

Irizarry K.J., Zhong W., Sun Y., Kronmiller B.A, & Darmani N.A. (2023). RNA sequencing least shrew (Cryptotis parva) brainstem and gut transcripts following administration of a selective substance P neurokinin NK1 receptor agonist and antagonist expands genomics resources for emesis research. Frontiers in Genetics, 14, 975087.

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Pharmacological Modulators of Cellular Signaling

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The following drugs were used: m-3M3FBS, U73122, U0126, GF109203X, FPL64176, 2-methyl-serotonin maleate salt (2-Methyl-5-HT), and GR73632 were purchased from Tocris (Minneapolis, MN); McN-A-343, quinpirole HCl and nifedipine from Sigma Sigma/RBI (St. Louis, MO); thapsigargin, dantrolene and 2-APB from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX). Palonosetron and netupitant were kindly provided by Helsinn Health Care (Lugano, Switzerland). m-3M3FBS, U73122, nifedipine, U0126, netupitant were dissolved in a mixture of ethanol/Tween 80/saline at a volume ratio of 1:1:18. dantrolene, 2-APB, GF109203X and FPL64176 were dissolved in 25% DMSO in water. thapsigargin was dissolved in 10% DMSO in distilled water. Other drugs were dissolved in distilled water. All drugs were administered at a volume of 0.1 ml/10 g of body weight.

Zhong W, & Darmani N.A. (2021). The Contribution of Phospholipase C in Vomiting in the Least Shrew (Cryptotis Parva) Model of Emesis. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 736842.

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Pharmacological Characterization of Emetogens

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Temsirolimus, everolimus, apomorphine HCl, GR73632, SR141716A, thapsigargin, and FPL64176 were purchased from Tocris (Minneapolis, MN). Ridaforolimus and rapamycin were acquired from MedChemExpress and Calbiochem, respectively. Quinpirole HCl, serotonin HCl (5-HT), 2-methyl-serotonin maleate salt (2-methyl-5-HT), pilocarpine HCL, McN-A-343, and cisplatin (cis-platinum (II) diamine dichloride (Pt (NH₃)₂)Cl₂) were obtained from Sigma/RBI. Apomorphine, quinpirole, serotonin, 2-methy-5-HT, McN-A-343, GR73632, pilocarpine, and cisplatin were dissolved in distilled water. thapsigargin was dissolved in 10% DMSO (Sigma) in water. mTOR inhibitors and FPL64176 were dissolved in DMSO and then diluted with three volumes of distilled water to a final DMSO concentration of 25%. SR141716A was dissolved in a 1:1:18 solution of ethanol, emulphor (EL-620, a polyoxyethylated vegetable oil, GAF Corporation, Linden, NJ), and 0.9% saline. All drugs were administered at a volume of 0.1 ml/10 g of body weight. The doses and routes used for the emetogens were based upon previous publications from our laboratory (Darmani et al., 2019 (link); Darmani et al., 2020 (link); Zhong and Darmani 2020 (link)).

Belkacemi L., Sun Y, & Darmani N.A. (2022). Evidence for Bell-Shaped Dose-Response Emetic Effects of Temsirolimus and Analogs: The Broad-Spectrum Antiemetic Efficacy of a Large Dose of Temsirolimus Against Diverse Emetogens in the Least Shrew (Cryptotis parva). Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 848673.

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Perfusion of Tissues for Imaging and Electrophysiology

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Tissues used for imaging and electrophysiological experiments were perfused with KRB containing (mmol/L): NaCl, 120.35; KCl, 5.9; NaHCO₃, 15.5; NaH₂PO₄, 1.2; MgCl₂, 1.2; CaCl₂, 2.5; and glucose, 11.5. KRB was bubbled with a mixture of 97% O₂ – 3% CO₂ and warmed to 37 ± 0.2 °C. Atropine, neostigmine, N_ω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) and carbachol (CCh) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Tetrodotoxin (TTX), Ani9, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), RP 67580, Substance P, GR 73632, AF-DX 116, DAU 5884, MEN 10376 and MRS 2500 were purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Ellisville, Missouri, USA). GSK 7975A was purchased from Aobious. All drugs were dissolved as recommended by the manufacturers and then diluted to the desired concentrations with KRB solution.

Drumm B.T., Rembetski B.E., Huynh K., Nizar A., Baker S.A, & Sanders K.M. (2020). Excitatory cholinergic responses in mouse colon intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal are due to enhanced Ca2+ release via M3 receptor activation. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 34(8), 10073-10095.

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Emetic Dose Response Evaluation

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Apomorphine HCl, McN-A-343, quinpirole HCl, serotonin HCl and 2-methyl-serotonin maleate salt (2-Me-5-HT) were obtained from Sigma/RBI (St. Louis, MO). FPL 64176, GR 73632 and Resiniferatoxin, were purchased from Tocris (Minneapolis, MN). Resiniferatoxin was dissolved in ethanol: Tween-80: water in a 1:1:18 ratio. 5-HT, 2-Me-5-HT, GR 73632, apomorphine HCL and quinpirole HCL, pilocarpine HCL, and McN-A-343 were dissolved in water. FPL 64176 was dissolved in DMSO (Sigma) and then diluted with three volumes of distilled water to a final DMSO concentration of 25%, and thapsigargin in 10% DMSO in water. Shrews were divided into groups (n = 6–10 per group) and each shrew received a 1-h pretreatment with varying doses of RTX (μg/kg body weight, s.c.) or the corresponding vehicle (s.c.). Following the 1-h- pretreatment, each treated animal was injected with a fully effective emetic dose of either a nonselective or receptor selective emetogen.

Darmani N.A., Henry D.A., Zhong W, & Chebolu S. (2020). Ultra-low doses of the transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 Agonist, resiniferatoxin, prevents vomiting evoked by diverse emetogens in the least shrew (Cryptotis Parva). Behavioural pharmacology, 31(1), 3-14.

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Pharmacological Agents for Emetic Study

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The following drugs were used in the present study: clonidine, dexmedetomidine, yohimbine, GR73632, SR141716A, FPL64176, thapsigargin, and ZD7288 were purchased from Tocris (Minneapolis, MN, USA); McN-A-343, quinpirole HCl, and rolipram were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); 2-methyl-serotonin maleate salt (2-Methyl-5-HT) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). SR141716A was dissolved to twice the stated drug dose in a 1:1:18 solution of ethanol:Emulphor™:0.9% saline and was then diluted further with an equal volume of saline. FPL64176 was dissolved in 25% DMSO in water. thapsigargin was dissolved in 10% DMSO in distilled water. Other drugs were dissolved in distilled water. All drugs were administered at a volume of 0.1 mL/10 g of body weight. The doses and routes used for the emetogens were based upon previous publications from our laboratory [6 (link),43 (link),87 (link)].

Sun Y, & Darmani N.A. (2024). A Comparative Study of the Antiemetic Effects of α2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonists Clonidine and Dexmedetomidine against Diverse Emetogens in the Least Shrew (Cryptotis parva) Model of Emesis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(9), 4603.

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Pharmacological Agents in Experimental Studies

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The following drugs were used for the present studies: serotonin HCl (5-HT), 2-Methyl-serotonin maleate salt (2-Methyl-5-HT), apomorphine HCl, quinpirole HCl, pilocarpine, McN-A-343, and the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin (cis-platinum (II) diamine dichloride (Pt(NH3)2)Cl2) were obtained from Sigma/RBI (St. Louis, MO). The LTCC agonist FPL64176, NK₁ receptor agonist GR73632 and GSK-3 inhibitors AR-A014418 and SB216763 were purchased from Tocris (Minneapolis, MN) and the SERCA inhibitor thapsigargin from Santa Cruz. 5-HT, 2-Methyl-5-HT, apomorphine, quinpirole, McN-A-343, pilocarpine and GR73632 were dissolved in distilled water. AR-A014418, SB216763 and FPL64176 was dissolved in 25% DMSO. thapsigargin was dissolved in 10% DMSO in water. Cisplatin was dissolved in water by sonication. All drugs were administered intraperitoneally at a volume of 0.1 ml/10 g of body weight.

Zhong W, & Darmani N. (2019). The Pivotal role of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK-3) in vomiting evoked by specific emetogens in the least shrew (Cryptotis parva). Neurochemistry international, 132, 104603.

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Preparation and Administration of Cannabinoids

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Drugs preparation and administration THC was obtained from THC Pharm GmbH (Frankfurt, Germany). AM251, Hemopressin and GR73632 were purchased from Tocris (France). WIN 55,212-2 mesylate salt and KH7 were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (France). THC (10mg/kg) was dissolved in a mixture of saline (0.9% NaCl) with 5% ethanol and 4% cremophor. WIN 55,212-2 was dissolved in DMSO for in vitro experiments and in mixture of DMSO, ) and saline for in vivo treatments. Hemopressin (22 ng in 0.5 ml) and GR73632 (100ng in 0.5ml) were dissolved in saline. AM251 (4 mg in 0.5ml) and KH7 (2mg in 0.5ml) were dissolved in 10% DMSO, 10% cremophor and 80% saline. Vehicles contained the same amounts of solvents respectively to the drug. All drugs were prepared fresh before the experiments.

Soria-Gomez E., Pagano Zottola A.C., Mariani Y., Desprez T., Barresi M., Bonilla-Del Río I., Muguruza C., Le Bon-Jego M., Julio-Kalajzić F., Flynn R., Terral G., Fernández-Moncada I., Robin L.M., Oliveira da Cruz J.F., Corinti S., Amer Y.O., Goncalves J., Varilh M., Cannich A., Redon B., Zhao Z., Lesté-Lasserre T., Vincent P., Tolentino-Cortes T., Busquets-García A., Puente N., Bains J.S., Hebert-Chatelain E., Barreda-Gómez G., Chaouloff F., Lohman A.W., Callado L.F., Grandes P., Baufreton J., Marsicano G, & Bellocchio L. (2021). Subcellular specificity of cannabinoid effects in striatonigral circuits. Neuron, 109(9).

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