Foxm1

A. japonica was purchased from Yeongcheon, Gyungsangbuk-do, Korea in March, 2012. Cyclin D1, lamin A/C, c-Myc, and survivin antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA), β-catenin was purchased from BD Bioscience (San Jose, CA, USA), FoxM1 was purchased from Bethyl Laboratories (Montgomery, TX, USA), β-actin antibody and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) and anti-mouse IgG antibodies were purchased from Assay Designs (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Lipofectamine LTX PLUS was purchased from Life Technology (Carlsbad, CA, USA). The luciferase assay system was purchased from Promega (Madison, WI, USA). Enhanced chemiluminescence agent was purchased from GE Healthcare Life Science (Uppsala, Sweden).

Lysates of GBM TSs were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) on Tris–glycine gels. Cytosolic and nuclear fractions were prepared using cytoplasmic and nuclear extraction reagents (Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA), respectively, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes and probed with antibodies against cleaved capase-3, CD133, PDPN, β-catenin, active-β-catenin, CD44, snail, Cyclin D1 and cMYC (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA); Sox2 (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany); Msi-1 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK); nestin (Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO, USA); N-cadherin, Zeb1 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA); Twist, Oct3/4, BAX, Bcl-2, PARP and GAPDH (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA); and FOXM1 (Bethyl Laboratories, Montgomery, TX, USA), along with Western Lightning Plus-enhanced chemiluminescence reagent (PerkinElmer, Lawrence, MA, USA). Images were captured using an ImageQuant LAS 4000 mini (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Little Chalfont, UK). We expressed all the results of Western blot as a violin plot, and added this as a Supplementary 5. The original image of full-length blot was added as a Supplementary 6.