18 F-FDG PET images were obtained using an ECAT EXACT 47 (Siemens-CTI, Knoxville, TN, USA) PET scanner with an intrinsic resolution of 5.2 mm FWHM. After obtaining a transmission scan measured by 68Ge rod sources for attenuation correction, an emission scan was obtained. During the resting state, 18 F-FDG was administered in doses of 370 MBq (10 mCi) for 30 min to obtain a static emission scan. All participants were scanned under the normal environmental noise conditions in the scanner room. For transaxial image reconstruction a filtered back-projection algorithm (Shepp-Logan filter at a cutoff frequency of 0.3 cycles/pixel as 128 × 128 × 47 matrices of size 2.1 × 2.1 × 3.4 mm) was used.
Ecat exact 47
Manufactured by Siemens
Sourced in United States, Germany
The ECAT Exact 47 is a positron emission tomography (PET) scanner designed for medical imaging applications. The device utilizes advanced technology to detect and measure the distribution of positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals within the human body, providing valuable information for medical diagnosis and research.
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6 protocols using ecat exact 47
1
Fluorine-18 FDG PET Imaging Protocol
2
FDG-PET/CT Imaging Protocol
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PET data acquisition was performed using a Siemens ECAT Exact 47 or Siemens ECAT Exact HR + scanner (Siemens/CTI, Knoxville, TN, USA) (n = 50). PET/CT imaging was performed using a Biograph 64 TruePoint with TrueV (Siemens Japan, Tokyo) (n = 32). Transmission scanning for PET or a low-dose CT for PET/CT was performed for attenuation correction. Sixty minutes after FDG administration, a static FDG scan was performed.1 (link) All scans were performed using whole-body imaging.
3
FDG-PET/CT Imaging Protocol for Disease Monitoring
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Imaging was performed on a stand-alone lutetium oxyorthosilicate full-ring PET scanner (ECAT Exact 47, Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) in 4/18 (22.2%) of the patients (with a separate CT available in all), whereas 14/18 (77.8%) underwent integrated PET/CT (12/14, 85.7%, Biograph mCT PET/CT, Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany and 2/14, 14.3%, Gemini TF 16 PET/CT system, Philips Medical Systems, Hamburg, Germany). Prior to imaging, patients fasted for a minimum of 6 h (blood glucose levels < 160 mg/dl). 18F-FDG was administered intravenously and 60 min post-injection, transmission data were acquired from the base of the skull to the proximal thighs using 68Ge rod sources (in the case of the stand-alone PET scanner) or spiral CT. Consecutively, the PET emission data were acquired. After decay and scatter correction, the PET data were reconstructed iteratively with attenuation correction, using the algorithm supplied by the scanner manufacturer. For further details, please refer to [21 (link)]. After 3 months, another 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed in 16/18 (88.9%), CT in 1/18 (5.6%) and in one subject, imaging follow-up could not be obtained because of early termination of the treatment by the patient.
4
Measuring Regional Glucose Metabolism
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Patients were scanned after washout (pre-treatment or baseline) and after completion of the eight weeks of treatment at maximal tolerated dose (post-treatment). Participants fasted for at least six hours before imaging; blood glucose was checked immediately before scanning. The relative regional glucose uptake was measured by injecting intravenously a bolus of 18F-FDG in saline at a dose of 185 MBq (5 mCi)/70 kg. They rested for 50 minutes during tracer uptake with eyes closed and ears open in a dimly lit, quiet room while being monitoring for wakefulness. The scanner was a Siemens (Knoxville, TN, USA) ECAT EXACT 47 operated in 2-D mode with septae extended. After measured attenuation, counts were collected during an emission scan lasting 20 minutes. Data were corrected for scatter, decay, randoms, and electronic deadtime. Images were reconstructed using filtered backprojection to a resolution of approximately 12 mm full width at half maximum.
5
PET Imaging for Cochlear Implant Evaluation
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18F-FDG-PET scans were performed before CI surgery using an ECAT EXACT47 (Siemens-CTI, Knoxville TN, USA) PET scanner (BGO crystal detector, sensitivity 214 kcps/microCi/min) in two-dimensional mode with a 16.2 cm axial field of view. Subsequently, 370 Mbq or less of 18F-FDG was injected intravenously 30 min before scanning. Between the injection and the scanning, the subjects remained in a waiting room with ambient light and noise and without any specific instructions. A transmission scan was performed using a Ga-68 rod source to yield attenuation maps immediately before the emission scan, during which 47 slices of emission images were acquired over a 20-min period. These were then reconstructed in a 128 × 128 × 47 matrix with a pixel size of 2.1 × 2.1 × 3.4 mm using a filtered back projection method with a Shepp filter using a cutoff value of 0.35 cycle/pixel. All of the reconstructed images were corrected for attenuation, and the trans-axial images were realigned to produce sagittal and coronal images.
6
Standardized Uptake Values for 68Ga-DOTATOC/DOTATATE PET Scans
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68Ga-DOTATOC/68Ga-DOTATATE was prepared using a modification of the method described by Breeman et al. [25 (link)] using a radiotracer synthesis module (Scintomics, Fürstenfeldbruck, Germany). PET-scans were acquired using a Siemens PET scanner (ECAT Exact 47, Siemens Health Care, Erlangen, Germany). Acquisition started 30–45 minutes after intravenous injection of 68Ga-DOTATOC (116 ± 46 MBq).
SSTR-PET/CT was performed on a dedicated scanner (Siemens Biograph mCT 64, Siemens, Knoxville, USA) 40–60 min after injection of 68Ga-DOTATATE (122 ± 52 MBq).
Standardized uptake values (SUV) were calculated by assigning spherical volumes of interest of 1.5 cm diameter including foci of increased tracer uptake. In addition, mean and maximum SUV values (SUVmax, SUVmean) were calculated. A 1.5 cm spherical volume of interest was drawn also to the center of the right lobe of the liver to determine the SUVmean liver as reference for background activity.
SSTR-PET/CT was performed on a dedicated scanner (Siemens Biograph mCT 64, Siemens, Knoxville, USA) 40–60 min after injection of 68Ga-DOTATATE (122 ± 52 MBq).
Standardized uptake values (SUV) were calculated by assigning spherical volumes of interest of 1.5 cm diameter including foci of increased tracer uptake. In addition, mean and maximum SUV values (SUVmax, SUVmean) were calculated. A 1.5 cm spherical volume of interest was drawn also to the center of the right lobe of the liver to determine the SUVmean liver as reference for background activity.
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