HR and RR-Intervals were recorded using a 3-channel continuous non-invasive ECG (SOMNOtouch™ NIBP, SOMNO Medics, Germany). The electrodes were placed in a modified Einthoven configuration on the chest. Tapping was recorded with two keyboards (HP™ Classic Wired Keyboard) connected to a Raspberry Pi (Model 1). For observing tapping requirements, the default stopwatch app on an iPhone (Model 5) was used. Additionally, as part of a related research project the participant’s scalp electric potential was recorded using 32 active EEG (ActiCap32 Setup, Brain Products GmbH, Germany) and oxygen metabolism and perfusion were recorded using an fNIRS device (NIRSport 1, NIRx Medizintechnik GmbH, Germany). However, since they did not contribute to the findings of this study, they will not be mentioned further.
Somnotouch nibp
Manufactured by SOMNOmedics
Sourced in Germany
The SOMNOtouch™ NIBP is a non-invasive blood pressure monitoring device. It measures the user's blood pressure using an oscillometric method.
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Lab products found in correlation
6 protocols using somnotouch nibp
1
Multimodal Recording of Tapping Behavior
2
Polygraphic Data Collection and Noise Simulation
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Polygraphic data was recorded with SOMNOtouch™ NIBP (SOMNOmedics GmbH, Randersacker, Germany) and analysed using DOMINOlight software provided by the same vendor. The polygraphic sensors were attached in the study centre and participants were instructed on how to ensure optimal measurement results. In addition, participants performed multiple blood pressure measurements with an automated oscillographic blood pressure apparatus to allow calibration. Measurement intervals were defined by the time of noise simulation and correlated with sound pressure levels. Sound pressure levels were recorded with a recording sound level metre during the noise simulation in the participants bedroom as described in our previous studies.11 (link),12 (link)
3
Synchronous Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Physiological Monitoring
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In this study, we used a BoSo TM-2430 ABPM device (BOSCH + SOHN GmbH u., Co., KG, Jungingen, Germany; outside of Germany: A&D TM-2430, A&D Inc., Tokyo, Japan) placed on the subjects’ dominant arm [17 (link)].
Additionally, we attached a SOMNOtouch NIBP™ (SOMNOmedics GmbH, Randersacker, Germany) to the contralateral arm. The SOMNOtouch NIBP™ incorporates a 3-channel ECG and an SpO2-Sensor to determine the pulse arrival time [18 (link),19 (link)]. The ECG-electrode located on the left upper thorax includes an accelerometer for the assessment of motor activity and determination of TIB. The devices were synchronized to a precision of one second.
Additionally, we attached a SOMNOtouch NIBP™ (SOMNOmedics GmbH, Randersacker, Germany) to the contralateral arm. The SOMNOtouch NIBP™ incorporates a 3-channel ECG and an SpO2-Sensor to determine the pulse arrival time [18 (link),19 (link)]. The ECG-electrode located on the left upper thorax includes an accelerometer for the assessment of motor activity and determination of TIB. The devices were synchronized to a precision of one second.
4
Cuffless, Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Monitoring
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Somnotouch-NIBP (Somnomedics GmbH, Randersacker, Germany) is a cuffless, non-invasive system which estimates BP based on the PTT technique (TestBP). Allowing for continuous beat-to-beat BP monitoring. Finger photoplethysmography, three ECG leads and a watch-like-device with integrated actigraph are the hardware of the device. Transit time of a pulse wave from the corresponding ECG R-wave to the finger photoplethysmography signal is measured6 (link). Systolic and diastolic BP levels are calculated using non-linear modelling incorporating changes of the PTT and its relation to BP. The measurements are derived after an initial single-cuff based calibration measurement on the contralateral upper arm8 (link). Increasing pulse wave propagation results in shorter PTT and is associated with higher BP values. Logically, decreasing pulse wave propagation and longer PTT is linked to lower BP values. Arterial wall stiffness and tension influence pulse wave propagation and PTT, both of which effect BP9 (link),10 (link). In this study the reference device (RefBP) was the cuff-based Spacelabs 90217A (Spacelabs Healthcare Inc., USA) 24 h BP monitor11 (link). In July 2018, Somnomedics completed an update of the software. This update of the Domino light software version 1.4 led to the current version 1.5 (02/07/2018).
5
Cuffless Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring
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Somnotouch-NIBP (Somnomedics GmbH, Randersacker, Germany) is an ambulatory cuffless device for continuous (beat-to-beat), noninvasive BP monitoring. The system consists of a finger photoplethysmograph (providing additional oxygen saturation measurement) and three ECG leads, connected to a watch-like control unit placed at the wrist level and equipped with a screen where beat-to-beat pulse waveform, ECG, and PTT changes are displayed. The principle of BP estimation is based on the beat-to-beat determination of PTT, calculated as the interval between R-wave on ECG and the arrival of the corresponding pulse wave (determined from finger photoplethysmography signal) at the peripheral site. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels are calculated on the basis of the relationship between BP levels and PTT, where the increase in BP increases arterial wall tension, thus increasing its stiffness. Consequently, pulse wave propagation velocity increases, leading to a reduction in PTT. A nonlinear model describing this relationship and based on experimental data has been published 4 (link). Combining this model with a single initial BP measurement (performed using the traditional technique at the level of the brachial artery) used for device calibration allows to derive beat-to-beat BP values corresponding to changing PTT.
6
Multimodal Measurement of Prefrontal Cortex Hemodynamics
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The Imagent (ISS Inc., Champaign, Illinois, USA), a multichannel FD-NIRS system, which employs a multidistance approach, was used to determine absolute values of the , [HHb], [tHb], and at a sampling rate of 2.5 Hz on the PFC. The Imagent’s light source consists of 16 laser diodes at 760 nm and 16 laser diodes at 830 nm. Four highly sensitive photomultiplier tubes serve as detectors. The sensors were placed bilaterally on the left and right prefrontal cortex (L-PFC and R-PFC) of subjects at position Fp1 and Fp2, according to the international 10 to 20 system.27 (link) Each of the two ISS sensors had four light emitters and one light detector connected to an optical fiber delivering the light to the photomultiplier tube. The source–detector separations ( ) were , 2.5, 3.5, and 4.0 cm with the sources and detectors arranged collinearly.
HR was measured by SOMNOtouch™ NIBP (SOMNOmedics GmbH, Randersacker, Germany) with a sampling rate of 4 Hz. This device calculated the HR from the ECG data by calculating the intervals. RR and end-tidal carbon dioxide ( ) were measured noninvasively by a NONIN LifeSense (NONIN Medical, Plymouth, Minnesota, USA). Data were recorded at a sampling rate of 1 Hz. All data were recorded simultaneously.
HR was measured by SOMNOtouch™ NIBP (SOMNOmedics GmbH, Randersacker, Germany) with a sampling rate of 4 Hz. This device calculated the HR from the ECG data by calculating the intervals. RR and end-tidal carbon dioxide ( ) were measured noninvasively by a NONIN LifeSense (NONIN Medical, Plymouth, Minnesota, USA). Data were recorded at a sampling rate of 1 Hz. All data were recorded simultaneously.
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