3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (GA), 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,5-DHBA), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (PCA), 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5CQA), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA), catechin (Cat), 4-caffeoylquinic acid (4CQA), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA), vanillic acid (VA), caffeic acid (CA), syringic acid (SyA), m-hydroxybenzoic acid (mHBA), 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,6-DHBA), cumaric acid (CuA), sinapic acid (SA), ferulic acid (FA), rutin (Ru), myricitrin (My), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Q3G), kampferol-3-O-rutinoside (K3R), salicylic acid (SaA), hesperidin (He), quercetin (Q), kampferol (K), isoxanthohumol (IsoX), xanthohumol (X), formic acid, and dichloromethane, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milano, Italy). HPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol were Carlo Erba (Milano, Italy); HPLC-grade water was prepared with the Milli-Q purification system (Millipore, Vimodrone, Italy).
Isoxanthohumol
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany
Isoxanthohumol is a chemical compound that can be extracted from hops (Humulus lupulus). It is a flavonoid molecule that has been studied for its potential biological activities, but its core function is not the focus of this factual presentation.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Xanthohumol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Catechin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Cumaric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Myricitrin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Kampferol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hesperidin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Salicylic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
M hydroxybenzoic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Milli q purification system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Quercetin 3 o glucoside, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dichloromethane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sinapic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Caffeic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ferulic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Vanillic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Syringic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Rutin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gentamicin sulfate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
6 protocols using isoxanthohumol
1
Phenolic Compounds Quantification Protocol
2
Prenylflavonoids and chemotherapeutics screening
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Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) high glucose and Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM) were obtained from Biosera (Nuaille, France). Xanthohumol (XH), isoXanthohumol (IXH), 6-prenylnaringenin (6-PN) 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), naringenin (NAR), oxaliplatin (OxPt), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), irinotecan (IRT), N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N′-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), 3-[(3-Cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate hydrate (CHAPS), DL-dithiothreitol (DTT), and neutral red were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Prague, Czech Republic). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and gentamicin sulfate were supplied by Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) by Fluka (Prague, Czech Republic). All other chemicals were of HPLC or analytical grade (Sigma–Aldrich, Czech Republic). Stock solutions of prenylflavonoids and naringenin were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and stored at 4 °C in the dark.
3
Quantification of Phenolic Compounds
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All reagents and standards were of analytical grade. Quercetin, isoxanthohumol, riboflavin, and catechin standards were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) with a purity ≥ of 99%. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), acetonitrile, acetic acid, orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4), and ammonium dihydro-phosphate (NH4H2PO4) were purchased from Galachem (Moscow, Russia).
Sulfuric acid, boric acid, hydrochloric acid (HCl), ethanol, isooctane, 5,5′-dithiobis [2-nitrobenzoic] acid, and sodium bicarbonate (Na2CO3) were purchased from Limited liability company “Reatorg” (Moscow, Russia).
Chemicals for determination of β-glucan content were purchased from Megazyme Int. (Lansing, MI, USA).
Bidistilled prepared water was used in the determinations.
Sulfuric acid, boric acid, hydrochloric acid (HCl), ethanol, isooctane, 5,5′-dithiobis [2-nitrobenzoic] acid, and sodium bicarbonate (Na2CO3) were purchased from Limited liability company “Reatorg” (Moscow, Russia).
Chemicals for determination of β-glucan content were purchased from Megazyme Int. (Lansing, MI, USA).
Bidistilled prepared water was used in the determinations.
4
Isolation and Characterization of Hop Phenolics
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Isoxanthohumol (≥99%) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich GmbH, while xanthohumol (≥98%) and 8-prenylnaringenin (≥ 98%) were purchased from Enzo Life Sciences, Farmingdale, New York. Eriodyctiol (≥ 99%) and 3,4,2’,4’,6’-pentahydroxychalcone(≥99%) were purchased from Extrasynthese Lyon, France. Stock solutions of all reference standards were prepared in HPLC grade methanol (J. T. Baker, Deventer, The Netherlands). The same solvent was used for the extraction. Acetonitrile (ACN) was used as the organic part of the mobile phase (LC-MS grade, J. T. Baker, Deventer, Netherlands). Both formic acid (FA) used for SPE (>98% purity) and FA (LC-MS grade) used as a mobile phase modifier were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany).MilliQ (18.2 MΩ·cm) water was obtained using a Direct-Q®Water Purification System (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). Strata-X 33 µm polymeric reversed phase cartridges (60 mg/3 mL) were purchased from Phenomenex (Torrance, CA, USA). Before injection into the LC-MS system, the samples were filtered through 0.2 µm regenerated cellulose (RC) membrane syringe filters (Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA). Hops and beer samples were freeze-dried in a GAMMA 1-16 LSCPlus freeze dryer (Martin Christ Gefrierungstrochnungsanlagen GmbH, Osterode am Harz, Germany).
5
Metabolite Identification and Quantification
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Four levels of chemical identification according to the published guidelines for chemical analysis were used 30 . Amino acids (i.e., tyrosine, leucine/isoleucine, proline) and the dipeptide pyroglutamyl proline (pGlu-Pro) were identified using an in-house metabolite database containing retention time information and MS spectra of reference substances. Reference standards for ICS-I3 (containing 62.3 % w/w of trans-IAA) and ICE-3 (containing 44.64 % w/w of AA) were obtained from Labor Veritas (Zurich, Switzerland). Isoxanthohumol and naringenin were purchased from Sigma (Schnelldorff, Germany).
For unknown compounds with a signal area higher than 600, MS/MS spectra (10, 20
For unknown compounds with a signal area higher than 600, MS/MS spectra (10, 20
6
In Vitro Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Activity
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Fast Blue Salt B, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH˙, 97%), isoxanthohumol (≥95.0%), AChE from Electrophorus electricus Linnaeus, 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (97%), all inorganic substances and most solvents (at least of analytical grade),
if not stated otherwise, were purchased from Fluka Sigma-Aldrich, Schnelldorf, Germany.
if not stated otherwise, were purchased from Fluka Sigma-Aldrich, Schnelldorf, Germany.
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