Dimethyl sulphoxide dmso

Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin-streptomycin solution, trypsin, and crystal violet (CV) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), ethanol, and acetic acid were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Matrigel was purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA). DAPI, PI, and RNAase were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).
P. ecklonii Benth air-dried and powdered plant material was given by the Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Lisbon and it was collected from seeds provided by the herbarium of the National Botanical Garden of Kirstenbosch, South Africa. Voucher specimens (S/No. LISC) have been deposited in the herbarium of the Tropical Research Institute in Lisbon [11 (link)]. Acetone and other organic solvents were from analytic grade and provided by (VWR international S.A.S., Briare, France); Silica for the isolation was obtained from Merck (grade 60, 230–400 mesh, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany).

Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. Supplied Chitosan (Mw, 50–190 Kda, 75–85% deacetylation), β–sitosterol, and sodium alginate (Mw, 75–100 kDa). Qualigens fine chemicals (Mumbai, India) provided calcium chloride; Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) was received from Merck, India. The reagents used in this study including HPLC grade water, and other solvents were analytical standards. The cancer cell line, MCF-7 was received from the National Centre for Cell Science (Pune, India). The cytotoxicity study was performed as per scientific literature. The suitable culture medium to keep cells growing and viable was modified Dulbecco’s medium with antibiotic, 100 mg/mL; Fetal Bovine Serum (10%); and penicillin (100 unit mL⁻¹) in a controlled environment. The cell line was regularly monitored and incubated at 37 °C in a 5% CO₂/95% controlled air environment. The buffering reagents used for the preparation of phosphate saline buffer (PBS) were standard analytical grade laboratory reagents received from a central drug house (New Delhi, India). Other laboratory reagents provided were employed as received.

Nutrient broth, Muller-Hinton broth, and agar powder were purchased from Himedia. Dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) was purchased from E. Merck. Reference antibiotic disks were purchased from Himedia. The other materials were purchased from E. Merck (India). Compound 10 and compound 11 used in this work were synthesized in our laboratory.