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Hrp conjugated secondary antibody

Manufactured by Southern Biotech
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom

HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies are protein molecules that are chemically linked to horseradish peroxidase (HRP), an enzyme commonly used as a reporter in various immunoassay techniques. These antibodies are designed to recognize and bind to primary antibodies, allowing for the detection and visualization of target analytes in samples.

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40 protocols using hrp conjugated secondary antibody

1

Immunoblot Protein Detection Protocol

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Immunoblot samples were pelleted and lysed for 30 min at 4°C in 1% (vol/vol) Triton X-100 (Sigma-Aldrich) and 1 mM MgCl2 in PBS (Gibco) supplemented with 1× cOmplete protease inhibitors (Roche) and 0.2% (vol/vol) Benzonase (Merck). An equal volume of 2X reducing SDS sample buffer was added, and 15 μl samples were resolved on NuPAGE 4–12% Bis–Tris gels (Invitrogen) in 1X MOPS (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes using Trans-Blot Turbo Transfer System (Bio-Rad). Membranes were blocked in 5% (wt/vol) milk powder in Tris-buffered saline containing 0.1% (vol/vol) Tween-20 (TBS-T) for 1 h, then incubated with primary antibodies diluted in 5% milk/TBS-T overnight at 4°C. Primary antibodies used were as follows: rabbit α-HA (3F10, 1:1,000, Cat# 11867423001, RRID:AB_390918; Roche); mouse α-FLAG (1:1,000, Cat# F1804, RRID:AB_262044; Sigma-Aldrich); and rabbit α-GAP45 (1:1,000) (Gaskins et al, 2004 (link)) (Table S7). Membranes were washed with TBS-T and incubated with HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (Southern Biotech; see Table S8) diluted in 5% milk/TBS-T at 1:1,000 for 1 h before washing with TBS-T. Clarity Western ECL Substrate (Bio-Rad) was applied directly to membranes, and proteins were visualised using the ChemiDoc Gel Imaging System (Bio-Rad).

Table S7. Primary antibodies used.

Table S8. Secondary antibodies used.

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2

Western Blot Analysis of Autophagy and Stress Markers

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After treatment, cells were collected and lysed in RIPA lysis and extraction buffer (ThermoFisher, Carlsbad, CA, USA) supplemented with Pierce protease and phosphatase inhibitor mini tablet (ThermoFisher) on ice for 40 min. After centrifugation at 12,000 g for 15 min, supernatants were heated in sample buffer (ThermoFisher) at 100 °C for 10 min. Protein samples were separated on pre-cast 4–12% polyacrylamide NuPAGE Bis-Tris gels (Life Technologies) and electro-transferred to PVDF membranes (Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA). Membranes were probed overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies specific for LC3 (#2775, Cell Signaling Technology), p62 (ab56416, Abcam), Atg5 (A2859, Sigma-Aldrich), GAPDH (ab8254, Abcam), XBP1s (BLE619502, Biolegend, San Diego, CA, USA), P-p38 (#9211, Cell Signaling Technology), p38 (#9212, Cell Signaling Technology), followed by incubation with the appropriate horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies (Southern Biotech, Birmingham, AL, USA). Immunoreactive bands were visualized with ECL prime western blotting detection reagent (Sigma-Aldrich) by means of an ImageQuant LAS4000 (GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, UK).
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Apoptotic Markers

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Western blot assay was performed according to previous protocols [11 (link)]. The protein expression of cleaved-caspase-3 (cleaved-cas-3) and cleaved-caspase-9 (cleaved-cas-9), phosphorylation-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) and JNK, phosphorylation-p38 the mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38), p38, GADPH was measured by western blot in N2a cells. First, N2a cells were lysed by RIPA buffer (Beyotime). Then, the proteins were isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Beyotime) and polyvinylidene difluoride membrane (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Afterward, the primary antibodies were incubated with the blocked membrane for 12 h at 4°C. In order to eliminate the unwanted distractions, 1× tris-buffered saline tween-20 (TBST) was applied to wash away the excess residues. The secondary antibody was incubated with the complexes for 1 h at room temperature. Eventually, the interested protein expressions were measured by Electrochemiluminescence detection kit (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). The antibodies were cleaved-cas-3, cleaved-cas-9, p-JNK and JNK, p-p38, p38 (1:1,000; Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA), GAPDH (1:500; Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX, USA) and HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:5,000; Southern-Biotech, Birmingham, AL, USA).
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4

Analyzing Thymocyte and T Cell Signaling

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Thymocytes isolated from WT or R360P mice were washed with PBS and rested for 30 min at 37°C. Cells were left unstimulated or stimulated with anti-CD3 (clone 2C11) at 37°C over time as described in each experiment. Peripheral CD8-OTI T cells were isolated from WT or R360P-OTI mice by negative depletion, incubated with OVA or G4 peptide tetramers (NIH Tetramer Core Facility) in PBS for 15min on ice, and transferred to 37°C for stimulation over time as described. Cells were lysed with lysis buffer with a final concentration of 1% NP40 (containing inhibitors of 2 mM NaVO4, 10 mM NaF, 5 mM EDTA, 2 mM PMSF, 10 μg/ml Aprotinin, 1 μg/ml Pepstatin and 1 μg/ml Leupeptin). For cell line experiments, HEK293 cells were harvested and lysed 24 hours after transfection.
Lysates were placed on ice and centrifuged at 13,000 × g to pellet cell debris. Supernatants were run on NuPAGE 4%–12% Bis-Tris Protein Gels (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and transferred to PVDF membranes. Membranes were blocked using TBS-T buffer containing 3% BSA, and probed with primary antibodies as described in each experiment, overnight at 4°C. The following day blots were rinsed and incubated with HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (Southern biotech). Blots were developed using a chemiluminescent substrate and a BioRad Chemi-Doc imaging system (Bio-Rad).
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5

Antibody Detection and Signaling Pathways

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The following primary antibodies were used (dilution 1:1,000 for Western blot, 1:200 for immunofluorescence and flow cytometry): GAPDH (mouse SC-25778; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), GP130 (rabbit SC-656 for Western blot, mouse SC-376280 for immunofluorescence; Santa Cruz Biotechnology; and mouse ab34324 for flow cytometry; Abcam), APLNR (mouse FAB8561R and MAB856; R&D Systems), JAMC (mouse FAB11891A; R&D Systems), STAT3 (rabbit 9132; Cell Signaling), pS727-STAT3 (rabbit 9134; Cell Signaling), pY705-STAT3 (rabbit 9145; Cell Signaling), pS235/S236-S6 (rabbit 2211 for Western blot and rabbit 5316 for flow cytometry; Cell Signaling), pS9-GSK3β (rabbit 9336; Cell Signaling), ELMOD1 (rabbit ab127541; Abcam), RAB5 (rabbit ab218624; Abcam) and RAB7 (rabbit 9367; Cell Signaling). HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (anti-rabbit, mouse Ig, mouse IgG1, mouse IgG2a, and mouse IgG2b) were purchased from Southern Biotech. Alexa-conjugated secondary antibodies were from Life Technologies. FLAER (Alexa Fluor 488–conjugated proaerolysin) was purchased from Cedarlane, MBCD was from Sigma-Aldrich, and Stattic, ruxolitinib, and filgotinib were all from Selleckchem. [Pyr1]-Apelin-13 was resuspended and aliquoted according to the supplier’s recommendation (Phoenix).
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6

Histological Analysis of Intestinal Tissues

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Dissected intestines were mounted onto a solid surface and fixed in formalin 10% (pH = 6.9–7.1) O/N at 4°C before processing for paraffin embedding. At least 2 serial sections of 5 μm were stained with: hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for general histology. Periodic Acid Schiff and Nuclear Fast Red stains were carried out using standard protocols. For Immunohistochemistry of paraffin embedded tissues sections were deparaffinized, hydrated, and treated with boiling Citrate buffer pH 6.0 under microwaves for 20 min. Sections were blocked in diluent (0.1% gelatin, 0.5% Triton-X, 0.05% Tween-20 in TBS) supplemented with 1%BSA, 3% FBS, and 3% H2O2 for 1 h. Primary (HuR 3A2, SantaCruz, sc-5261; Lysozyme, DAKO Cytomation, A0099; Ki67, Abcam, ab15580 (TgATFHuR+ characterization) or Thermo, MA5-14520 (C. rodentium experiment) and HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (Southern Biotech) were incubated in diluent for 1–24 h. Visualization was performed with DAB (Vector) and counterstained with hematoxylin; Photomicrographs were acquired using a Nikon ECLIPSE E200 microscope equipped with a Nikon Digital Sight DS-5M digital camera.
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7

Dox-Induced Protein Expression Analysis

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Dox-inducible cell lines were treated with 1 μg/ml of dox for 5 days and cell lysates were prepared with lysis buffer (50 mM Tris pH 7.6, 150 mM NaCl, 3 mM MgCl, 10% glycerol, 0.5% NP-40) and quantified by Bradford assay. Equivalent amounts of each sample were resolved by SDS-PAGE and Western blotted with antibodies against Xrn1 (Bethyl; diluted 1:200), Dis3L2 (kindly provided by Torben Jensen; diluted 1:500), Ccr4 (diluted 1:1000), Pan2 (diluted 1:1000) and actin (diluted 1:200). Primary antibodies were followed by HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (Southern Biotechnology, 1:5000).
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8

ELISA Protocol for Antibody Detection

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ELISA was performed as described previously.10 (link) Briefly, 96-well high-binding polystyrene plates (Greiner Bio-One, Austria) were coated with recombinant proteins at 2.5 μg mL−1 in carbonate-bicarbonate buffer, pH 9.6, at 4°C overnight. The wells were then blocked with 5% skim milk. Different sera dilutions were added to the wells and allowed to interact at 37°C for 1 h. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (catalog no. 1030-05), IgG1 (catalog no. 1070-05), or IgG2a (catalog no. 1080-05) antibody at 1:5,000 or 1:3,000 was added, and the plates were incubated at 37°C for 1 h. The goat anti-hamster IgG HRP (catalog no. 6060-05) was used at a dilution of 1:10,000. At each step, plates were stringently washed with 0.1% PBST. The assay was developed using OPD substrate for 5–10 min in the dark. The ODs were read at 492 nm in a microplate reader (Tecan, Switzerland) after stopping the reaction with 3 M H2SO4. Additionally, IgA response in sera of immunized was mice was also determined by using goat anti-mouse IgA HRP (catalog no. 1040-05) at 1:3,000. All HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies used were from Southern Biotech, USA.
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9

Western Blot Analysis of Viral and Host Proteins

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The cell lysates were prepared by lysing floating and attached cells in Laemmli sample buffer and boiling the samples for 10 minutes. Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and then transferred onto PVDF membrane (Millipore). Western blotting was done using antibodies against HPV E6 (Arbor Vita Corporation), HPV16 E7 (8C9, Invitrogen), p53 (D0-1, Santa Cruz), p21, MBP, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) (46D11, Cell Signaling Technology), β-actin (AC-40, Sigma–Aldrich) and Hsc70 (Enzo Lifesciences). The HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies were from Southern Biotech. The membranes were developed using the ECL method either on X-ray Film (Santa Cruz) or using the iBright FL1000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
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10

Extracellular Vesicle Protein Analysis

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EVs were separated and concentrated from 500 µl of plasma as described above and the pellet was directly lysed in boiling Laemmli for 10 min. Proteins were resolved by SDS-PAGE, transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes and blotted with the following antibodies, all diluted at 1/1000: CD9 (EXOAB-CD9A-1, SBI), CD63 (EXOAB-CD63A-1, SBI), VWF (sc-53466, Santa Cruz), FCN3 (CL7767AP, Cedarlane), Apolipoprotein A1 (sc-376818, Santa Cruz), HSP70 (EXOAB-HSP70A, SBI), and GM130 (ab52649, Abcam) diluted at 1/1000. Membranes were incubated with HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (Southern Biotech), diluted at 1/5000 and then revealed by chemiluminescence. Acquisitions were performed with Fusion software, version FX7 16.15 (Vilbert Lourmat, Collegien, France). Uncropped blots are available in Fig. S1.
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