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8 protocols using sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate

1

Comparative Analysis of Heparin Samples

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Seven danaparoid API batches (CAT271-277), one heparin sodium USP and one Nadroparin calcium samples were provided by Aspen Oss B.V., Oss, Netherlands. Heparin lyases I (EC 4.2.2.7), II and III (EC 4.2.2.8) were purchased from Grampian Enzymes, Aberdeen, UK. Chondroitin ABC lyase from Proteus vulgaris (EC 4.2.2.4), ammonium acetate (≥98%), sodium azide (≥99.0%), sodium nitrate (≥99.0%), sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate (>98%), sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (≥99.0%), trimethylsilyl-3-propionic acid (TSP 98% D), dibutylamine (≥99.5%), acetic acid (glacial, 99.9%), acetonitrile (LC-MS grade), methanol (LC-MS grade), ammonium chloride (≥99.5%), sodium nitrite (>95%), sodium tetraborate (≥98%), hydrochloric acid (≥37%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milan, Italy); calcium acetate (≥97%) from BDH; sodium acetate (≥99%) and NaOH (≥99%) from Merck (Kenilworth, NJ, USA); Amberlite IR 120 H+ and 0.1 M NaOH from Fluka Analytical (Milan, Italy).
Ethanol (96%) was purchased from Girelli Alcool (Milan, Italy); ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA D16, 98%) from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Tewksbury, MA, USA) and deuterium oxide (≥99.9%) from Euriso-top (Saint-Aubin, France). Deionized water (conductivity less than 0.15 µS) was prepared with an osmosis inverse system (Culligan, Milan, Italy).
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2

Determination of Aminothiol Disulfides

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In general, chemicals used in this study were commercially available and at least of analytical reagent grade. Sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate, tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), HPLC-gradient grade acetonitrile (ACN), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), Cys-Gly, symmetrical disulfides of particular aminothiols, namely homocystine (Hcy2), cystine (Cys2) and oxidized GSH (Glu2) were from Sigma-Aldrich, (St. Louis, MO, USA). Hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and perchloric acid (PCA) were from J.T. Baker (Deventer, The Netherlands). 2-Chloro-1-methylquinolinium tetrafluoroborate (CMQT)17 (link) and HPPTCA16 were prepared in our laboratory as previously described. Deionized water was produced in our laboratory. Commercially available 50 mg vitamin B6 tablets from Teva Pharmaceuticals (Cracow, Poland), containing active substance pyridoxine hydrochloride, were used.
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3

Analytical Characterization of Elmiron Batches

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Three commercial Elmiron® batches (PPS 1 lot 14KG449 and PPS 2 lot 14JG315, PPS 3 lot 14NG729) were purchased in the United States and were used in this study. Ammonium acetate, sodium azide, sodium nitrate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate, sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, trimethylsilyl-3-propionic acid (TSP), dibutylamine (DBA, ≥99.5%, LC-MS grade), glacial acetic acid (99.9% LC-MS grade), methanol (LC-MS grade), ammonium chloride, sodium nitrite (>95%), sodium tetraborate, hydrochloric acid (≥37%), trifluoroacetic acid (≥99.5%), sulfuric acid (95-97%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milan, Italy); calcium acetate (>97%) from BDH; sodium acetate and NaOH from Merck (Kenilworth, NJ, USA); Amberlite IR 120 H+,0.1 M NaOH and dimethylsulfoxide from Fluka Analytical (Milan, Italy); Amberlite IR45 from Carlo Erba (Milan, Italy) pyridine from Riedel-de Haën (Germany); phenol (>99.5%). Ethanol (96%) was purchased from Girelli Alcool (Milan, Italy); deuterated ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA-d16) from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Tewksbury, MA, USA) and deuterium oxide (99.9%) from Euriso-top (Saint-Aubin, France). Deionized water (conductivity less than 0.1 μS) was prepared with an osmosis inverse system (Culligan, Milan, Italy). PolyCAL ™ Pullulan std-57k (Malvern Instruments LtD, Malvern, United Kingdom). When not specified, the reagents are ≥98%.
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4

Analytical Reagent Grade Chemical Procurement

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All chemicals used throughout this study were commercially available and of analytical reagent grade. TCA, Tris, sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate, sodium tetraborate, citric acid monohydrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, IBCF, anhydrous pyridine, sodium chloride, nonane, n-octane, organic solvents suitable for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), namely methanol (MeOH), n-hexane, n-heptane, cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, and 1-octanol were from Sigma-Aldrich, (St. Louis, MO, USA). Hydrochloric acid, boric acid, and sodium hydroxide were from J.T. Baker (Deventer, The Netherlands), while organic solvents suitable for GC, namely, n-decane and butyl alcohol were purchased from Honeywell Fluka (Darmstadt, Germany). Deionized water was produced in our laboratory.
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5

Analytical Profiling of Elmiron® Batches

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Three commercial Elmiron® batches (PPS 1 lot 14KG449 and PPS 2 lot 14JG315, PPS 3 lot 14NG729) were purchased in the United States and were used in this study. Ammonium acetate, sodium azide, sodium nitrate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate, sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, trimethylsilyl-3-propionic acid (TSP), dibutylamine (DBA, ≥99.5%, LC-MS grade), glacial acetic acid (99.9% LC-MS grade), methanol (LC-MS grade), ammonium chloride, sodium nitrite (>95%), sodium tetraborate, hydrochloric acid (≥37%), trifluoroacetic acid (≥99.5%), sulfuric acid (95-97%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milan, Italy); calcium acetate (>97%) from BDH; sodium acetate and NaOH from Merck (Kenilworth, NJ, USA); Amberlite IR 120 H+,0.1 M NaOH and dimethylsulfoxide from Fluka Analytical (Milan, Italy); Amberlite IR45 from Carlo Erba (Milan, Italy) pyridine from Riedel-de Haën (Germany); phenol (>99.5%). Ethanol (96%) was purchased from Girelli Alcool (Milan, Italy); deuterated ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA-d16) from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Tewksbury, MA, USA) and deuterium oxide (99.9%) from Euriso-top (Saint-Aubin, France). Deionized water (conductivity less than 0.1 μS) was prepared with an osmosis inverse system (Culligan, Milan, Italy). PolyCAL ™ Pullulan std-57k (Malvern Instruments LtD, Malvern, United Kingdom). When not specified, the reagents are ≥98%.
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6

Hyaluronic Acid Characterization Protocol

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Ch was provided by Join Therapeutics S.r.l. (Padova, Italy). Sodium Hyaluronate were purchased from HTL Biotechnology. Sodium azide, sodium nitrate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate, sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, trimethylsilyl-3-propionic acid (TSP), Hyaluronidase from bovine testes (400–1000 u/mg) and Lysozyme from hen egg white (93,300 u/mg) were purchased from SigmaAldrich (Milan, Italy). Deionized water (conductivity less than 0.1 μS) was prepared with an inverse osmosis system (Culligan, Milan, Italy). PolyCAL TM Pullulan std-57k (Malvern Instruments LtD, Malvern, United Kingdom). The reagent grades were ≥ 98%.
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7

Preparation of HI-6 Organophosphate Antidotes

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HI-6 dimethyl sulfonate (DMS) was a kind donation from Ferak GmbH (Berlin, Germany), while HI-6 dichloride (Cl2) was manufactured by Astra (Sodertalje, Sweden). Sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate and atropine sulfate monohydrate were purchased by Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Anhydrous glycerol was acquired by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (sodium CMC) was bought from JRS Pharma GmbH (Rosenberg, Germany). Lugol’s solution was bought off the shelf from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) as was sodium thiosulfate. Deionized purified water (Millipore water, hereafter referred to as water) was generated by an in-house Millipore purification system from Merck KGaA. All other standard chemicals and laboratory consumables, if not stated otherwise, were purchased from either VWR International GmbH (Ismaning, Germany) or Sigma-Aldrich.
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8

Polyester-based PU Nanofibrous Mat Fabrication

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The PU polymer was supplied from BASF (BASF GmbH, Lemförde, Germany) and used in the production of the commercial product (Elastollan® C95, BASF GmbH, Lemförde, Germany) is a polyester-based PU) nanofibrous mat. The BCE was acquired from Pak Natural (Global Inovatif, İstanbul, Turkey). Acetic acid, ammonia (25%), dimethylformamide (98%), sodium acetate trihydrate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate, and sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate were purchased from Merck (MERCK SP. Z O.O., Warsaw, Poland). All chemicals were used as received, with no further purification. The experimental investigation was conducted with deionized water (DE 20 Plus-Polna, Przemysl, Poland).
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