The chemical composition of the films was analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy (Thermo Nicolet Corporation, Waltham, MA, USA). Each film was scanned 64 times from 4000 to 500 cm−1 with a scanning interval of 4 cm−1 and the air spectrum was used as a background correction.
Ftir spectroscopy
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, Japan
FTIR spectroscopy is a technique used for the analysis and identification of chemical compounds. It measures the absorption of infrared radiation by a sample, which provides information about the molecular structure and composition of the material. The core function of FTIR spectroscopy is to determine the presence and concentration of various functional groups and chemical bonds within a sample.
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Lab products found in correlation
Escalab 250xi, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (10 mentions)
Tecnai g2 20, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (5 mentions)
Jen 1230, by JEOL (5 mentions)
600 mhz ft nmr, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Autopol 4 automatic polarimeter, by Rudolph Research Analytical (1 mentions)
Kieselgel 60 f254, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nicolet is5 ftir spectrometer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
X ray diffraction, by Rigaku (1 mentions)
Malvern zetasizer nano zs90, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions)
Nano zs90, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions)
Synthetic melanin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
G2 xs qtof, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions)
D8 advance, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Escalab 250, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Dsa 10, by Krüss (1 mentions)
Fluorescence microscope, by Leica camera (1 mentions)
S 4800, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Universal testing machine, by Instron (1 mentions)
Nano zse, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions)
Nano zs zen 3600, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions)
27 protocols using ftir spectroscopy
1
FTIR Analysis of Polymer Films
2
Spectroscopic Analysis of Bioactive Compounds
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U s i n g d e u t e r a t e d c h l o r o f o r m ( C D C l 3 ) w i t h tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard, the NMR spectra were obtained via 600 MHz FT-NMR (Jeol, Japan). The high-resolution mass spectrum was acquired on Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Ion Trap-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry (Shimadzu, Japan). The optical rotation was measured at 25 °C using AUTOPOL IV automatic polarimeter (Rudolph Research Analytical, USA). Infrared spectra were recorded on a FTIR spectroscopy (Thermo Nicolet, USA). For purification and compounds isolation, Silica gel preparative TLC (Kieselgel 60, F 254 ) and column chromatography (Kieselgel 60, 70-230 mesh) were performed (Merck, Germany). The sample was brought back to the laboratory under cool conditions (4 °C) and processed according to the procedures described by Ng et al. (2016) .
3
Organosolv Lignin Extraction from Wheat Straw
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Lignin was recovered from residual wheat straw coming from the fermentation stage of a pilot-scale biochemical platform biorefinery by the organosolv method. The residual wheat straw was washed with water, as previously described [14 (link)], and then with ethanol-water 50% w/w. The organosolv process for lignin extraction was carried out in a pressurized reactor (Labscale tailor-made) using a mass-solvent ratio 1:15 (w/v) under agitation at 250 rpm with 30 mM sulfuric acid as a catalyst at 160 °C for 30 min; the solvent was ethanol-water 50% w/w. The solid product was washed again with a solvent solution and then dried. Finally, the recovered lignin was characterized via FTIR spectroscopy (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). FTIR spectra were obtained with 16 scans at a resolution of 4 using a Thermo Scientific Nicolet is5 FTIR spectrometer.
4
Characterization of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Crystals
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The phase composition of the prepared nano-HAp crystals was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD; Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) with Cu-Kα radiation and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The morphology and size of the nano-HAp crystals were observed using an XL-type environmental scanning electron microscope (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) operated at 30 kV.
5
Characterization of Sulfur-Doped Carbon Dots
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The particle size and microscopic morphology of SCR-CDs were observed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM; Tecnai G2 20; FEI Company, Hillsboro, OR, United States). The atomic lattice spacing of SCR-CDs was uncovered utilizing a high-resolution TEM (JEN-1230; Japan Electron Optics Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan). The ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectra and photoluminescence characteristics of SCR-CDs were determined using a UV-vis spectrometer (CECIL, Cambridge, United Kingdom) and a fluorescence (FL) spectrophotometer (F-4500, Tokyo, Japan), respectively. Moreover, the functional groups and proportioning of chemical elements in SCR-CDs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (Thermo Fisher, Fremont, CA, United States) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS; ESCALAB 250Xi, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Fremont, CA, United States), respectively. The zeta potential values and hydrodynamic diameter were determined using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS90 (Malvern Instruments). The main components in the solutions of CR and SCR-CDs were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC; Agilent 1260) with a ultraviolet detector at 265 nm.
6
Characterization of ZnO-Ber Nanostructures
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The morphologies and sizes of ZnO-Ber was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM, Zeiss, Germany). The chemical structures of all groups were tested by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy (Thermo, United States). UV-vis data were obtained by UV–vis spectrophotometer (Scinco 4100). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) data were recorded on a zetasizer (Malvern, Nano ZS90, Worcestershire, U.K.). Thermogravimetric analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC, Mettler Toledo, TGA/DSC1/1100, Switzerland).
7
Melanin and Bikaverin Production in F. verticillioides
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Melanin pigments from each F. verticillioides mutant were extracted using a previously reported method [28 ]. The extracted pigments and synthetic melanin (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA) were then analyzed by using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Warsaw, Poland) following the protocols described by Drewnowska et al [29 (link)]. To detect the production of bikaverin, each F. verticillioides strain was cultured at 25°C in PDB medium for 10 d. A 100 mL culture of each strain was extracted three times with ethyl acetate acidified with 1 mL of 25% HCl [30 (link)]. The samples were then analyzed on an HPLC–MS system (G2-XS QTof, Waters) using a protocol previously described [30 (link)].
8
Characterization of GAC-Fe material
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The mineral composition and type of GAC-Fe was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD; Bruker, D8 Advance, Karlsruhe, Germany). The functional groups of GAC-Fe before and after the reaction were measured by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (ThermoFisher Scientific Co., Waltham, MA, USA). Changes in surface elements, morphology, and relative distribution before and after the GAC-Fe reaction were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS; Thermo-VG Scientific, Escalab250, Waltham, MA, USA).
9
FTIR Analysis of ECM Gel Composition
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The FTIR spectroscopy (Thermo Fisher Scientific, ST, USA) assay was done to demonstrate the composition of the developed ECM gels. The collagen, ADSC ECM, and genipin cross-linked ADSC ECM gels were vacuum-dried and ground. Spectra of the samples were recorded.
10
Determining Kiwifruit Protein Structure by FTIR
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FTIR spectroscopy (Thermo Nicolet Analytical Instruments, Madison, WI, USA) was used to determine the secondary structure of kiwifruit proteins. Firstly, a spectrum of the background was recorded prior to measurement [27] (link). Freeze-dried kiwifruit samples (1 mg) used to perform the measurement, and the parameters were set with a 32-time scan ranging from 1000 to 2000 cm−1[27] (link).
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