2,2’-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), veratryl alcohol, catechol, veratryl alcohol, methyl red, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and dichlorophenol indophenols (DCIP) were procured from HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. (Mumbai, India). Chloranil, dimethylformamide (DMF), aniline-2-sulfonic acid and all other chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All the chemicals used in this study were of high purity (>98%). Trypan Blue (CAS No. 72-57-1; CI No. 23850; CI Name = Direct Blue 14; Molecular Formula = C34H24N6O14S4Na4; Molecular Weight = 960.81 g∙mol−1; λmax 660 nm); λmax 660 nm), a water-soluble azo dye was procured from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. Its chemical structure is shown in Figure 1 . Unless otherwise stated, the working concentration of dye Trypan Blue was 50 mg∙L−l.
Methyl red
Manufactured by HiMedia
Sourced in India
Methyl red is a chemical compound commonly used as a pH indicator in laboratory settings. It is a reddish-orange powder that exhibits different colors depending on the pH of the solution it is added to. Methyl red is used to determine the acidity or basicity of a solution, as it changes color from red in acidic solutions to yellow in basic solutions.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Veratryl alcohol, by HiMedia (3 mentions)
Catechol, by HiMedia (2 mentions)
Chloranil, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
2 2 azino bis, by HiMedia (2 mentions)
Azo dye, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trypan blue, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide nadh, by HiMedia (1 mentions)
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, by HiMedia (1 mentions)
Dimethylformamide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sim medium, by HiMedia (1 mentions)
Peptone, by HiMedia (1 mentions)
Yeast extract, by HiMedia (1 mentions)
Peptone, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Mannose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Kovac s reagent, by Bio-Rad (1 mentions)
α naphthosl, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Mueller hinton agar (mha), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Lactose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Maltose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
5 protocols using methyl red
1
Enzymatic Decolorization of Trypan Blue
2
Decolorization of Textile Azo Dyes
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The textile azo dyes viz. C.I. Reactive black 5 (RB 5), C.I. Reactive orange 16 (RO 16), C.I. Disperse red 78 (DR 78) and C.I. Direct red 81 (DR 81) were kindly provided by Mahesh Textile Processors, Ichalkaranji, India. The structural information of dyes is shown in Table 1(Tab. 1) . Veratryl alcohol, 2,2’-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), methyl red, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), dichlorophenol indophenols (DCIP) and dehydrated microbiological medium nutrient broth (NB) were obtained from HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India. Chloranil, Dimethylformamide and Aniline-2-sulfonic were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
3
Salmonella and E. coli Detection in Eggs
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About 1.0 mL each of pre-enriched eggshell rinsate and egg content were added to 9 mL BPW, respectively, then mixed using a vortex before incubating at 37°C for 24 h. A loopful of the broth was subcultured on Eosin Methylene Blue agar (EMB agar) then incubated at 37°C for 24 h.
Suspect colonies from each sample were subcultured onto selective and non-selective agar to ensure that possible contaminants were absent. Further, isolates were inoculated onto composite media, including triple sugar iron agar, urea, lysine iron agar, Voges–Proskauer, methyl red (HiMedia, India), and SIM medium (HiMedia) [11 ]. All suspected Salmonella and E. coli colonies were further identified using Analytical Profile Index 20 E systems (bioMerieux SA, Marcy-1 Etoile, France). E. coli (ATCC 25922) was used as a quality control organism. Pure bacterial isolates were kept frozen at −80°C in 10% (v/v) glycerol peptone water broth for the evaluation of the antimicrobial sensitivity test.
Suspect colonies from each sample were subcultured onto selective and non-selective agar to ensure that possible contaminants were absent. Further, isolates were inoculated onto composite media, including triple sugar iron agar, urea, lysine iron agar, Voges–Proskauer, methyl red (HiMedia, India), and SIM medium (HiMedia) [11 ]. All suspected Salmonella and E. coli colonies were further identified using Analytical Profile Index 20 E systems (bioMerieux SA, Marcy-1 Etoile, France). E. coli (ATCC 25922) was used as a quality control organism. Pure bacterial isolates were kept frozen at −80°C in 10% (v/v) glycerol peptone water broth for the evaluation of the antimicrobial sensitivity test.
4
Biodegradation of Congo Red Dye using Textile Effluent
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The diazo dye Congo red (C.I. No. 22120, Direct red 28, MF: C32H22N6Na2O6S2 and FW: 696.66 g·mol−1) which is the sodium salt of benzidinediazo-bis-1-naphthylamine-4-sulfonic acid, used in this study was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). RTE was collected from Mahesh Textile Processors (Ichalkaranji, MS, India) in an airtight plastic can, passed through Whatman grade No. 1 filter paper to remove large suspended matter and stored in a refrigerator at 4 ± 1 °C until further use. Veratryl alcohol, catechol, methyl red, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), dichlorophenol indophenol (DCIP), glucose, yeast extract and peptone were purchased from HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. (Mumbai, MS, India). All of the chemicals used in this study were of analytical grade, unless otherwise mentioned. WB medium was prepared, the pH adjusted to 7.5 with with 0.1 N NaOH or 0.1 N HCL and used as growth medium for the biodegradation of dye and textile effluent [22 (link)].
5
Bacterial Identification Protocol
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The test sample was a combined stock isolate from previous ARTIs research totaling 466 single bacterial isolates. This sample has been puri ed from bacterial contaminants, and rejuvenated.
The bacterial growth medium used was Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) (Oxoid) with a concentration of 38 g/L, according to the guidelines from the CLSI [14] .
Biochemical test materials for bacterial identi cation include Lactose (Merck), Mannose (Merck), Maltose (Merck), peptone (Oxoid), phenol red (Taylor), Kovac`s reagent (Bio-Rad), TSIA, methyl red (HiMEdia), αnaphthosl (Merck).
The bacterial growth medium used was Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) (Oxoid) with a concentration of 38 g/L, according to the guidelines from the CLSI [14] .
Biochemical test materials for bacterial identi cation include Lactose (Merck), Mannose (Merck), Maltose (Merck), peptone (Oxoid), phenol red (Taylor), Kovac`s reagent (Bio-Rad), TSIA, methyl red (HiMEdia), αnaphthosl (Merck).
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