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8 protocols using texas red conjugated goat anti mouse igg

1

Immunolabeling of Cell-Cell Junctional Proteins

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Our studies were performed as previously described [5 (link)–8 (link)]. The slides were counterstained with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (Pierce, Rockford, IL, USA). We also used antibodies to desmoplakins (DP)-I–II (mouse monoclonal multi-epitope cocktail; Progen Biotechnik [Heidelberg, Germany], cat no. 65146). We utilized antibodies to armadillo repeat gene deleted in velo-cardio-facial syndrome (ARVCF) (polyclonal antibody, source guinea pig, tested in human and bovine; Progen Biotechnik, cat no. GP155); for its secondary, we used Alexa Fluor- 555 goat-anti-guinea pig from Molecular Probes/ Life Technologies/Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). We also utilized an antibody to plakophilin-4 (p0071); Progen Biotechnik, cat no. 651166) and a mouse monoclonal antibody for myocardium-enriched zonula occludens-1- associated protein (MYZAP) [Progen Biotechnik, cat no. 651169]. As a secondary antibody for DP-I–II, the p0071 and the MYZAP, we utilized Texas red-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG from Thermo Fisher. The samples were consistently run with positive and negative controls. We classified our findings as negative (−), weakly positive (+/−), positive (++) and strongly positive (+++).
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2

Immunofluorescence Analysis of SH-SY5Y Cells

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SH-SY5Y cells were seeded in 12-well plates (1 × 105 cells/well), previously coated with the different type of collagen films, and cultured for 9 days in complete medium. Then, cells on collagen films were fixed for 20 min with 10% formalin solution, incubated for 25 min with gelatin dilution buffer 1× (GDB; 0.4% (w/v) gelatin, 40 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, 0.9 M NaCl, 0.2% (v/v) Triton X-100) to perform permeabilization and blocking and incubated with mouse anti β-III tubulin antibody (1:250; Promega Italia Srl, Milan, Italy) in GBD 1× for 2 h at room temperature. After washes, cells were incubated with Texas Red-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (1:200; ThermoFisher Scientific) in GDB 1× for 1 h at room temperature. Four μM Hoechst 33342 (ThermoFisher Scientific) was used to stain nuclei. Finally, the collagen films were mounted on glass slides using ProLong Gold Antifade Reagent (ThermoFisher Scientific). Images were acquired using an inverted confocal laser scanning microscope equipped with a Plan-Neofluar 63 × 1.4 oil objective (Carl Zeis Meditec AG, Jena, Germany). Excitation was performed using an Ar-laser diode (540 nm) and an ultraviolet 25 mV laser diode (405 nm). The pinhole was set to 1 AU.
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3

Karyotyping Pax8-CreER^T2 Transgenic Cells

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We hybridised metaphase spreads from splenocytes derived from Pax8-CreERT2 transgenic mice with the Pax8-CreERT2 probe using standard protocols. The Pax8-CreERT2 probe was generated by incorporation with digoxigenin-11-dUTP (Roche) via PCR and detected with monoclonal mouse anti-digoxin (Sigma-Aldrich) and Texas red conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (Molecular Probes). Images were captured using the SmartCapture software (Digital Scientific, UK) and metaphases were karyotyped using the SmartType Karyotyper software (Digital Scientific).
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4

Histological Analysis of Cholinergic Brainstem Neurons

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Anaesthetized mice (urethane, 1.2 g•kg−1i.p.) were perfused transcardially with heparinized phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 20 min followed by 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS. Brainstems were harvested, post-fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde overnight, and cryoprotected in 30% sucrose/PBS at 4 °C. Frozen tissues were serially sectioned at a thickness of 20 μm (coronal section) and stored at –80 °C. Sections were treated with 20% normal goat serum, 0.1% bovine serum albumin and 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 30 min and incubated with primary antibodies against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT, 1:100; Millipore; #AB144P), and HO-2 (1:200, Novus Biologicals; # NBP1-52849) or CSE (1:250; gift from SH Snyder, Johns Hopkins University) followed by Texas Red-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (HO-2 and CSE) or FITC-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:250; Molecular Probes, ChAT). After rinsing with PBS, sections were mounted in Vecta shield containing DAPI (Vector Labs) and analyzed using a fluorescent microscope (Eclipse E600; Nikon).
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5

Kidney Histology and Immune Complex Analysis

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Kidneys were fixed in 10% formalin (Sigma) for 24 h, washed in alcohol and embedded in paraffin. For light microscopy, sections were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). IgG immune complex and complement C3 deposits in kidney were detected by direct immunofluorescence of OCT-embedded frozen kidney sections (5 μm thick) using Texas Red-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (Molecular Probes) or FITC-conjugated anti-C3 complement (Thermo Fisher Scientific), respectively. The slides were mounted in Vectashield (Vector Laboratories) and observed under the microscope.
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6

Immunoblotting and Immunostaining Antibody Details

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The information for the primary antibodies used for immunoblotting and immunostaining can be found in S1 Table. The antibodies for IFT54, and all IFT-A proteins were made during this study and the information can be found in S2 Table. For the secondary antibodies used in immunostaining, Texas Red-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (1:200), Alexa-Fluor-488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:200),Alexa-Fluor-488-conjugated goat anti-rat IgG (1:200) (Molecular Probes) were used.
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7

Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy Protocol

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A previously published protocol for IF was followed [57 (link)]. The secondary antibodies used were Texas red-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (1:400) and Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat ani-rat IgG (1:400; Molecular Probes). The samples were viewed on a Zeiss LSM780 META Observer Z1 Confocal Laser Microscope. Images were acquired and processed by ZEN 2009 Light Edition (Zeiss) and Photoshop (Adobe). Analysis for electron microscopy followed published methods [52 (link), 59 (link)]. The samples were imaged on an electron microscope (H-7650B; Hitachi Limited) equipped with a digital camera (ATM Company).
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8

Immunofluorescent Localization of MT2 and eNOS

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Segments of MAs were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 12 h. The tissues went through paraffin embedding and were cut into 4-μm-thick sections. Paraffin sections (4 μm) were de-paraffined, rehydrated, antigen retrieval was performed, and then permeabilized with 0.3% Triton X-100 for 10 min. After washing with PBS, the sections were blocked for nonspecific antibody binding with 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 1 h. Sections were incubated overnight at 4 °C in 1% BSA containing a primary antibody against MT2 receptors (1:300, Alomone Laboratories, Jerusalem, Israel) and eNOS (1:50, Transduction Laboratories, Lexington, UK) at the same time. The next day, Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated Goat Anti–Rabbit IgG (1:500, Molecular Probes, Grand Island, NY, USA), a secondary antibody, was used for 1 h in the dark. After washing, Texas redconjugated Goat Anti–Mouse IgG (1:300, Molecular Probes, Grand Island, NY, USA), a secondary antibody, was also used for 90 min. Sample coverslips were plated on ProLong Gold Antifade Reagent (Molecular Probes). All photographs were analyzed using Image Pro Plus (version 6.0; MediaCybernetics, Silver Spring, MD, USA).
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