Ftir 8300 spectrometer

The suspended pellet following GE incubation for varying time periods was characterized using a Nanodrop ND-1000 v 3.3.1 spectrophotometer, (Nanodrop Technologies, Inc., Wilmington, USA). The absorbance was scanned from 220–700 nm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (Shimadzu FTIR-8300 spectrometer, San Diego, CA, USA) of the recovered product and of the solid wastes prior to and subsequent to treatment was done using KBr pellets. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) (JEOL, JSM-5410LV) was used to image the synthesized product. The morphological changes on the shells and squid pens prior to and subsequent to incubation with the extract were imaged using an inverted microscope, Axiovert 2000, Carl Zeiss, Germany. The chitosan recovered from interaction with marine shell waste was characterized using a JEM-1400PLUS, transmission electron microscope (TEM), JEOL USA, Inc. Peabody, MA, USA. For calculating the degree of deacetylation (DDA) to confirm the chemical identity of chitosan using FTIR spectra, several procedures and equations are described in literature^{53 (link),54} . These equations were derived on the basis of calibration curves, and the calculation procedures are based on absorbance ratios of various spectral bands^{55 (link),56 (link)}. The equation^{57 (link)} used in this study is listed below. $$\mathrm{DA}[\%]={\mathrm{A}}_{1655}/{\mathrm{A}}_{3450}\times 115$$

The Tur/BR smudges suspended in 20% ethanol were characterized for the presence of carbon nanomaterial using a spectrophotometer (Nanodrop ND-1000 v 3.3.1), (Nanodrop Technologies, Inc., Wilmington, NC, USA). The absorbance was scanned from 220–700 nm. Both Tur and BR smudges were characterized using a transmission electron microscope ((TEM) JEM-1400PLUS, JEOL USA, Inc., Peabody, MA, USA). Further characterization was done using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Shimadzu FTIR-8300 spectrometer, San Diego, CA, USA) using potassium bromide (KBr) pellets. For FTIR, KBr was added directly into the beaker containing the oven-dried smudge collected from the Tur or BR fumes, and then the smudge was scraped along with the KBr powder. When the KBr powder took up the smudge, it turned grayish. After this, it was ground, and pellets were made as per routine FTIR analysis.

The turmeric smudge (TS) was characterized for the presence of carbon nanomaterial using a Nanodrop ND-1000 v 3.3.1 spectrophotometer, (Nanodrop Technologies, Inc., Wilmington, USA). The absorbance was scanned from 220–700 nm. The NC@TS was characterized using a JEM-1400PLUS, transmission electron microscope (TEM), JEOL USA, Inc. Peabody, MA, USA. Further characterization was done using FTIR (Shimadzu FTIR-8300 spectrometer, San Diego, CA, USA) using KBr pellets. For FTIR, KBr was added directly into the beaker containing the smudge collected from the turmeric fumes, and then the smudge was scraped out with mixing alongwith the KBr powder. When the KBr powder took up the turmeric smudge, it turned grayish. After this, it was ground and pellets were made as per routine FTIR analysis. FTIR of the carbon particles extracted via centrifugation (NC@TS) was conducted too. In this case the samples were dried in an oven and the powder was used for analysis. Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) was used to confirm the chemical composition of the TS using an FE-SEM ((JEOL, JSM-5410LV).

Unless otherwise stated, reagent-grade starting materials were purchased from commercial sources and either used as received or purified by standard procedures. The solvents were dried and deoxygenated according to standard procedures. [Tc(NPh)Cl₃(PPh₃)₂] (1), CNAr^Tripp2 and [Tc(NPh)Cl₃(CNAr^Dipp2)₂] (4a) were prepared by procedures in the literature [10 (link),15 (link),16 (link)]. The syntheses of CNp-FAr^DarF2, CNPh^pF, CNMes, and CNPh^i-prop2 were performed by modified procedures from the literature [9 (link),11 (link)]. The NMR spectra were recorded with JEOL 400 MHz ECS or ECZ multinuclear spectrometers. The values given for the ⁹⁹Tc chemical shifts are referenced to potassium pertechnetate in water. IR spectra were recorded with a Shimadzu FTIR 8300 spectrometer as KBr pellets. Intensities are classified as vs. = very strong, s = strong, m = medium, w = weak, vw = very weak, and sh = shoulder.

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of SAH were recorded between 4000 and 400 cm⁻¹, using a Shimadzu FTIR-8300 spectrometer (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) at 25 °C. The resolution of the spectra was 8 cm⁻¹.