butyric acid (≥99% purity), valeric acid (≥98% purity), isovaleric
acid (≥99% purity), 2-methylvaleric acid (internal standard, IS)
(≥98% purity) and indole (≥99% purity) were purchased from Tokyo
Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan).
Propionic acid is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. It is a carboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH3CH2COOH. Propionic acid is commonly used as a food preservative and in the production of various chemicals.
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