S 4800 fesem machine

Microstructural characteristics of lizardfish skin collagens extracted with acetic, lactic, and citric acids were studied by FESEM using S-4800 FESEM machine (Hitachi, Japan). Lyophilized samples were sputter coated for 5 min with gold using a JEOL JFC-1200 (Tokyo Rikakikai Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) fine coater.

Transverse slices with approximately 1 mm thick were cut from the wheat grains during each of the four periods, and fixed, rinsed, dehydrated, infiltrated, and polymerized by the series of steps outlined in Arcalis et al.49 (link) (2004). For light microscopy observation, sections with approximately 800 nm thick were cut, collected on mesh nickel grids, and stained with toluidine blue. The dynamic changes of endosperm structures from 4-day intervals after flowering during grain development were observed by SEM according to López-Merino et al.50 (link) Collected developing grains were immediately fixed in the solution containing 44.5% ethanol, 1.85% methanal and 6% glacial acetic acid for 60 min followed by an overnight treatment at 4^o C, then transferred into 70% ethanol and stored at 4^o C prior to analysis. All samples were dehydrated sequentially through an ethanol concentration series (50%, 70%, 85%, 95% and 100% v/v) with 1 h incubation in each solution. After thoroughly dried, endosperm structures were observed by S-4800 FESEM machine (Hitachi, Japan).