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26 protocols using adams a1c ha 8160

1

Glycemic and Adipokine Biomarker Measurement

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HbA1c level was determined by cationic exchanged high-performance liquid chromatography (Adams A1c HA-8160, Arkray Inc., Japan) and followed the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Programme Guidelines. FBG, TG, total cholesterol, HDL-C, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were analyzed using an automated analyzer (Dirui CS-400, China) with reagents purchased from Randox Laboratories (Antrim, UK).
Fasting insulin concentration was measured using an automated enzyme immunoassay analyzer (TOSOH AIA-360, Japan). Inter-assay coefficient of variability (CV) for insulin at 9.4, 53.7, and 141.8 µU/ml was 5.7%, 3.6%, and 5.2%, respectively. Serum adiponectin was measured using an automated analyzer (Dirui CS-400, China) with reagents purchased from Randox Laboratories (Antrim, UK). The inter-assay CV for adiponectin at 6.1 and 12.4 µg/ml was 9.4% and 5.6%, respectively. Serum leptin was measured by commercial ELISA assay (IBL International, Germany) in two replicates with two controls (Low and High) at each plate. The detection limit of the assay was 0.7–100 ng/ml. The inter-assay CV for low control was <10% and for high control was <15%. In general, immunoassay results are considered reliable when intra-assay CV was <10% and inter-assay CV was <15% (20 ).
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2

Evaluating Glucose Metabolism and Renal Function

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To evaluate glucose metabolism and serum creatinine levels, overnight fasting blood samples were obtained from all patients on the second day after admission. HbA1c levels were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography (Adams A1c HA‐8160; Arkray Inc., Kyoto, Japan). The fasting plasma C‐peptide levels were measured at a central clinical laboratory (SRL, Inc., Tokyo, Japan). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated as eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) = 194 × serum creatinine−1.094 × age−0.287 (×0.739 for females).7We investigated all participant characteristics, such as age, sex, body mass index and duration of diabetes (years).
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3

Metabolic Biomarkers in Glucose Tolerance

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Fasting blood samples from participants were collected after 8-hour fasting. Fasting serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and creatinine (Cr) levels and the uric acid (UA) were measured using the automated biochemical instrument (Coulter UniCel DxC 800, Beckman, Miami, FL, USA).
Participants without known diabetes underwent a 75g 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to evaluate the status of glucose tolerance and those with diabetes had fasting plasma glucose (FPG) measured. Plasma glucose was measured by hexokinase method. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was measured by cation-exchange high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method (Adams A1c HA-8160; Arkray, Kyoto, Japan). Serum insulin was tested by a radioimmunoassay method (China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China). Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated as follows: fasting insulin (FINS) (mU/ml) × fasting glucose (mmol/l)/22.5.
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4

Fasting Blood Biomarkers Assessment

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Fasting blood samples after overnight were collected. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was measured by the glucose oxidase method. Serum total cholesterol, TG, HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and uric acid were measured by an automated clinical chemistry method (UnicelDxC 800; Beckman Coulter, Miami, FL, USA). Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was measured using cation-exchange high-pressure liquid chromatography (Adams A1c HA-8160; Arkray, Kyoto, Japan). Serum insulin was tested by a radioimmunoassay method (China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China). The thyroid hormones and thyroid-related antibodies were tested using a supersensitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Siemens Centaur XP, Germany). The intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) was less than 8%, and the inter-assay CV less than 10% for all these parameters. The HOMA-IR score was calculated using the following formula: HOMA-IR = (FPG [mmol/L] × insulin[μU/mL])/22.5.
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5

Comprehensive Metabolic Profiling in Diabetes

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Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (Adams A1c HA-8160; Arkray Inc., Kyoto, Japan), whereas plasma glucose (PG) levels were measured using the glucose oxidation method (chemical reagent and Glucose AUTO and STAT GA-1160 analyzer; Arkray Inc.). Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were measured using standard enzymatic methods (AU2700; Beckman Coulter, CA, USA) and commercially available kits (Kyowa Medex, Tokyo, Japan). Serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured at a central clinical laboratory (SRL, Inc., Tokyo, Japan). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated as follows: eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) =194 × serum creatinine (mg/dL)−1.094 × Age (years)−0.287 (×0.739 for female subjects)17 (link)).
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6

Comprehensive Metabolic Profiling in Fasting Participants

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Blood samples were drawn in the morning after a 10–12 hours fast. Participants without known diabetes underwent a 75g 2-h oral glucose tolerance test and those with known diabetes had fasting plasma glucose measured. Plasma glucose, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), ALT, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and uric acid were measured using an automated clinical chemistry analyser (UnicelDxC 800; Beckman Coulter, Miami, FL, USA). Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was measured using cation-exchange high pressure liquid chromatography (Adams A1c HA-8160; Arkray, Kyoto, Japan) which conform to the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial standards. Serum hepatitis B virus surface antigen and hepatitis C antibodies were tested using an enhanced chemiluminescence assays (Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, NJ, USA).
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7

Metabolic Biomarker Assessment in Hospitalized Patients

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All participants underwent physical examinations including height, body weight, abdominal circumference, and blood pressure on the first and last morning of hospitalization. Blood samples were taken after an overnight fast on the second day of admission and 2 or 3 days before discharge. Fasting plasma glucose was measured using glucose oxidase method (ADAMS Glucose GA-1170; Arkray, Kyoto, Japan). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured using high performance liquid chromatography (ADAMS A1c HA-8160, Arkray) and is expressed as the percentage value of the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program according to the Japan Diabetes Society guideline20 ). Serum and urinary C-peptide levels were measured using a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (Fujirebio Inc., Tokyo, Japan).
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8

Comprehensive Clinical Examination Protocol

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All participants underwent physical examinations including height, bodyweight and blood pressure on the first morning of hospitalization. Blood samples were taken after an overnight fast on the second day of admission. Fasting plasma glucose was measured by the glucose oxidase method (ADAMS Glucose GA‐1170; Arkray, Kyoto, Japan). Glycated hemoglobin was measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography (ADAMS A1c HA‐8160; Arkray), and is expressed as the percentage value of the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program according to the Japan Diabetes Society's guideline19. Serum total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and triacylglycerols were measured enzymatically (Sekisui Medical, Tokyo, Japan). Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was calculated using the Friedewald formula20. Serum calcium level was corrected for the concentration of albumin using the following formula if serum albumin level was <4.0 g/dL: corrected Ca (mg/dL) = Ca (mg/dL) + (4.0 – albumin [g/dL])21. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the following formula, where Cr is creatinine: estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2) = 194 × Cr−1.094 × age−0.287 (×0.742 if female)22.
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9

Comprehensive Cardiometabolic Biomarker Assessment

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High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was determined by latex-enhanced nephelometry. Fibrinogen was measured by the coagulation method and leptin by enzyme-linked immunoassay (DBC, Diagnosis Biochem Canada, Inc). Triglycerides were measured by the glycerol phosphate oxidase method; total cholesterol by enzymatic methods using cholesterol esterase and cholesterol oxidase; HDL cholesterol by the direct method using elimination/catalase; and LDL cholesterol was estimated using the Friedewald formula..Glycemic control was assessed by the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (Adams A1c HA-8160, Arkray).
Blood pressure was measured with standardized procedures using validated automatic devices (Omron model M6) and three cuff sizes according to arm circumference. Two sets of blood pressure readings were made separated by 90 minutes. In each set, blood pressure was measured 3 times at 1-2 minute intervals, after resting 3 to 5 minutes in a seated position. Systolic blood pressure was calculated as the mean of ≥3 of the last 5 readings.
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10

Venepuncture Protocol for Blood Analysis

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Venepuncture was performed by nurses and doctors. Blood samples were transported cold to the central laboratory at the Institute for Medical Research within two hours of collection and processed on the same day. Aliquots of serum/plasma samples were kept at −20°C prior to analysis. The HbA1c level was determined by cationic exchanged high-performance liquid chromatography (Adams A1c HA-8160, Arkray Inc., Japan) following the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Programme guidelines. Fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and GGT) were analyzed using an automated analyzer (Dirui CS-400, China) with reagents purchased from Randox Laboratories (Antrim, UK), and the AST : ALT ratio was calculated. Fasting insulin concentration was measured using an automated enzyme immunoassay analyzer (TOSOH AIA-360, Japan). The interassay coefficient of variability (CV) for insulin at 8.7, 44.4, and 143.2 μU/ml was 2.5%, 2.6%, and 2.4%, respectively.
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