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6 protocols using rat intestinal α glucosidase

1

Characterization of Antioxidant and Enzymatic Activities

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Soy protein isolate (SPI, ~90% protein) and CGM (~62% protein) were supplied by Shansong Industrial Chinese Co. Ltd. and a grain processing refinery, Golshahd Co. Ltd., respectively. Alcalase 2.4 L from Bacillus licheniformis, with the activity of 2.4 Anson Units (AU)/g, and a density of 1.18 g/ml was purchased from Novozymes. 2,2 Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 4‐nitrophenyl α‐d‐glucopyranoside (PNPG), porcine pancreatic α‐amylase, rat intestinal α‐glucosidase, ACE (5 UN), hippuryl‐his‐leu (HHL), and ammonium salt of 1‐anilino‐8‐naphtalene‐sulphonic acid (ANS) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. Soluble starch ACS reagent was purchased from Merck.
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2

Enzymatic Inhibition Assay Protocol

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Acetone, chloroform, ethanol, petroleum ether, and methanol are products of LASEC, South Africa. Rat intestinal α-glucosidase, porcine pancreatic α-amylase, p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, quercetin, and acarbose were produced by Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, USA, while starch was obtained from J. T. Baker Inc., Phillipsburg, USA. Additional reagents were of analytical grades and prepared in glass-distilled water.
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3

Lentil Protein Concentrate: Enzymatic Modifications

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Lentil protein concentrate (LPC) with a protein content of 78% (w/w) was used. Alcalase (extracted from Bacillus licheniformis) and Flavourzyme (extracted from Aspergillus oryzae) were purchased from Novozymes Co. Microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was prepared from Ajinomoto Co. Angiotensin‐I‐converting enzyme (ACE, extracted from rabbit lung) and the ACE synthetic substrate hippuryl‐l‐histidyl‐l‐leucine (HHL) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich Canada Ltd. Porcine pancreatic α‐amylase (Cat no. A3176) and rat intestinal α‐glucosidase (Cat no. I1630) were provided by Sigma‐Aldrich Co. All chemicals used in the present study were prepared by Sigma‐Aldrich Co. and had an analytical grade.
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4

Enzyme Kinetics and Antioxidant Assays

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Porcine pancreatic α-amylase, rat intestinal α-glucosidase, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), quercetin, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS), acarbose, and para-nitrophenyl-glucopyranoside (pNPG) were products of Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, USA, while starch soluble (extra pure) was obtained from J.T. Baker Inc., Phillipsburg, USA. Other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade, and the water used was glass-distilled.
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5

Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Assays

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Silymarin, gallic acid, rutin, quercetin, catechin, 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), ferric chloride, potassium ferricyanide, porcine pancreatic α-amylase, rat intestinal α-glucosidase, and p-nitrophenyl-a-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) were procured from Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Missouri, USA. Starch, dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS), and acarbose were purchased from Bayer Medical Co. (Germany). Distilled water was obtained from the Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group Laboratory, Plant Sciences Department, QwaQwa Campus, South Africa. All other chemicals and reagents used were of analytical grade.
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6

Evaluation of Corn Germ Bioactivities

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Corn germ was obtained from Glucosan Ind Co. DPPH (2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) diammonium salt)), ferrozine (3‐(2‐Pyridyl)‐5,6‐diphenyl‐1,2,4‐triazine‐4′,4′′‐disulfonic acid sodium salt), PNPG (4‐nitrophenyl α‐d‐glucopyranoside), PAHBAH (4‐hydroxybenzhydrazide), trolox (6‐hydroxy‐2,5,7,8‐tetramethylchroman‐2‐carboxylic acid), 1,10‐phenanthroline, acarbose, chromogenic substrate Gly‐Pro‐p‐nitroaniline (Cat no. G0513) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich company. l‐Histidine (Cat no. 104351) was purchased from Merck company. Diprotin A (Ile‐Pro‐Ile) was purchased from Cayman chemical company. All other chemicals were of analytical grade.
Enzymes: Alcalase 2.4 L (Protease from Bacillus licheniformis), trypsin from porcine pancreas (Cat no. T4799), porcine pancreatic α‐amylase (Cat no. A3176), rat intestinal α‐glucosidase (Cat no. I1630), and dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV) (Cat no. 317640‐M) are obtained from Sigma‐Aldrich. Flavourzyme 500 MG from Aspergillus oryzae (Cat no. P6110) was purchased from Novozymes company.
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