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5 protocols using tryptophan

1

Biogenic Amine Production Assay

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Decarboxylase medium plate was prepared according to the method described by Bover-Cid and Holzapfel (1999) (link). Lactobacillus plantarum Y44 was cultivated 5 times in MRS broth (Land Bridge Technology) supplemented with 0.1% (wt/vol) of each amino acid (tyrosine, histidine, ornithine, lysine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, and arginine, respectively; Solarbio Life Science) and 0.005% pyridoxal-5-phosphate (Solarbio Life Science) for 24 h to induce decarboxylase expression. Then, 10 μL of the bacterial suspension was inoculated onto the decarboxylase medium plate and incubated for 96 h at 37°C. The appearance of a purple color on the decarboxylase medium plate indicated that the strain could produce biogenic amines (Chang and Chang, 2012). Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG was used as the control.
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2

Comparative Analysis of Traditional Ham Samples

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Nine different traditional ham samples Spanish ham (Zaragoza, Spain), Italian ham (Parma, Italy), Rugao ham (Rugao, Jiangsu, China), Xuanwei ham (Xuanwei, Yunnan, China), Nuodeng ham (Nuodeng, Yunnan, China), Dahe Blake Pig ham (Qujing, Yunnan, China), Heqing ham (Heqing, Yunnan, China), Jinhua ham (Jinhua, Zhejiang, China), and Sanchuan ham (Lijiang, Yunnan, China) were purchased from Kunming supermarkets (Wal‐Mart, Carrefour and Metro); alanyl‐leucine, L‐glycyl‐L‐hydroxyproline, Hydroxyprolyl‐methionine, and Prolyl‐methionine were synthesis by Hangzhou ONTORES biotechnology company; L,L‐cyclo(leucylprolyl; Solarbio, China); tyrosine, tryptophan, histidine, arginine, phenylalanine, lysine, and ornithine (Solarbio, China).
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3

Synthesis and Purification of RNA Molecules

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RB-Rev, variant RB-Rev, and HIV-1 RRE RNA were custom-synthesized and HPLC-purified by Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). ICR 191 dihydrochloride was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd. (St. Louis, MO, USA), while neomycin sulfate was purchased from Meilun Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Dalian, China). Proflavin and arginine were purchased from Macklin Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Additionally, RB was purchased from Aladdin Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Tryptophan was obtained from Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). The remaining reagents were all of the analytical grade, commercially available, and employed without further purification.
RNase-free tubes and tips were purchased from Thermo Science & Technologies Co., Ltd. (Waltham, MA, USA), and diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) water was obtained from Phygene Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Fuzhou, China). The RNA solutions were prepared using DEPC water to prevent nuclease contamination.
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4

Bioactive Compound Analytical Methods

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1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ferric-tripyridyltriazine (Fe3+-TPTZ) is purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Chromatographic grade analytical standards asparaginic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, serine, glutamine, histidine, glycine, threonine, citrulline, arginine, alanine, tyrosine, cystine, valine, methionine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, hydroxyproline, proline, 5′-CMP, 5′-UMP, 5′-GMP, 5′-IMP, 5′-XMP, 5′-AMP, trehalose, mannitol, quininic acid, l-malic acid and fumaric acid purchased from Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). α-Amylase, α-glucosidase, 4-nitrophenyl α-d-glucopyranoside (PNPG), and soluble starch were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All other reagents were analytical grade and obtained from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Factory (Chengdu, China).
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5

Synthesis and Characterization of Organic and Inorganic Compounds

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ATP, p-toluidine, 5-ASA, 3-aminosalicylic acid (3-ASA), 4-aminosalicylic acid (4-ASA) were obtained in Shanghai Perfemiker Material Tech Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China, http://www.canspecsci.com). Fe(NO3)3, CuCl2, HgCl2, NiCl2, CdCl2, CrCl3, ZnCl2, CaCl2, Pb(NO3)2, AgNO3, Co(NO3)2·6H2O, Mn(Ac)2, MgCl2, BaCl2 and Bi(NO3)3·5H2O were purchased from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland, http://www.fluka.org/fluka.php). p-Nitrochlorobenzene, o-nitrobenzaldehyde, p-nitrotoluene, salicylic acid, benzidine, p-chlorophenol, acetanilide, o-aminophenol, alanine, leucine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, asparagine, arginine, tyrosine, histidine, serine, glycine, valine, tryptophan, lysine, glutathione, cysteine, melamine and ethanol were purchased in Beijing Solarbio Reagent Co., Ltd (Beijing, China, http://www.solarbio.com). Unless otherwise specified, all chemicals from commercial sources are analytically pure and can be used directly without further purification. All solutions were prepared and diluted with ultrapure water from the MillI-Q water purification system.
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