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5 protocols using atp tlrl atpl

1

NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Assay

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Antibodies and reagents used in this work were purchased from the indicated sources: NLRP3 (AdipoGen; AG-20B-0014); ASC (Novus; NB1–78978 for western blots and Adipogen; AG-25B-0006 for IHC), caspase-1 p20 (Santa Cruz; sc-398715), Iba-1 (Novus NB1001028 or Wako; 19–19741), CD11b (Novus; NB11089474), goat anti-mouse-HRP (Santa Cruz Biotechnology; sc-2005) and goat anti-rabbit-HRP (Santa Cruz Biotechnology; sc-2004); IL-1 beta (Abcam; ab9722); actin (Sigma-Aldrich; A1978). Cryopyrin/NLRP3 siRNA (sc-45470) was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. MCC950/CP-456773 (Sigma; pz0280) was from Sigma-Aldrich. Cocaine hydrochloride (C5776) and LPS (L2880) was from Sigma-Aldrich. Sterile water was used to dissolve cocaine and LPS. ATP (tlrl-atpl) was from Invivogen. FAM-FLICA caspase assay kit (#97) was from ImmunoChemistry
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2

AMPK Signaling Pathway Modulation

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LPS O111:B4 (L2630), Doxycycline (D3447), 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (D8375) and compound C (P5499) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Subcellular protein fractionation kit (78840) was obtained from Thermo Fisher. Metformin (S1950) and AICAR (S1802) were obtained from Selleck Chemicals. ATP (tlrl-atpl) was obtained from InvivoGen. StrataClean resin (400714) and chemical competent cells (200315) were obtained from Agilent.
For immunoblot, AMPKα1(#2795), AMPKα2 (#2757), AMPKα1/2 (#5831) and pT172-AMPK (#2535) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. Anti-Flag (F1804), anti-Flag (F7425) and anti-HA (H6908) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Anti-GSDMD (ab219800) and anti-Caspase-1 (ab108362) were obtained from Abcam. Anti-β-Actin (sc-47778), anti-GST (sc-138) and anti-Na/K-ATPase α1 (sc-21712) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Anti-IL18 (A1115) was obtained from Abclonal Technology. phospho-GSDMD S46 was generated by Abclonal Technology.
For FCAS analysis, CD45-APC-Cy7(clone 30-F11), CD3-FITC (clone 145-2C11), CD8-PerCP-Cy5.5 (clone 53-6.7) and CD4-APC (clone RM4-5) were obtained from BioLegend.
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3

Immunoblotting Techniques for Cellular Signaling

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All media (RPMI, DMEM) and PBS buffers were purchased from Gibco (61870–010; 41966–029; 14190–094). NaCl was purchased from Merck. LPS (E. coli O111:B4) and DPI were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (D2926). Torin1 was purchased from Tocris (4247); E-64d was obtained from Hycultec (HY-15282). Ionomycin (407952) was purchased from CalbioChem. ATP (tlrl-atpl) and bafilomycin A1 (tlrl-baf1) were obtained from Invivogen. The prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor DMOG was purchased from Cayman Chemical (71210). For immunoblotting, the following antibodies were used: rabbit anti-ACT (A2066; Sigma-Aldrich); rabbit-anti-HSP90A/B (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-7947), rabbit anti-NFAT5 (Thermo Scientific, PA1-023), rabbit anti-MAP1LC3B (Novus Biologicals, NB100-2220), rabbit anti-ATG7 (Cell Signaling Technology, D12B11) rabbit anti-p-AKT (Cell Signaling Technology, 4060S), rabbit anti-AKT (Cell Signaling Technology, 9272S), rabbit anti-SQSTM1 (Sigma Aldrich, P0067), rabbit anti-HIF1A (Cayman Chemical, 10006421). As secondary antibody, we used swine anti-rabbit HRP (P0399, Dako).
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4

Macrophage Activation and Characterization

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RPMI-1640 cell culture media (#R0833), 200 mM L-glutamine (#G7513), 1% penicillin/streptomycin (#P4333), Accutase (#A6964), mitomycin C (#10107409001), antimycin A from Streptomyces sp. (#A8674), gentamicin (#G1397), dihydroethidium (DHE) (#37291), and gelatin type A (#G1890) were from Sigma-Aldrich. FBS (#P040-37500) and Panexin BMM Serum Substitute (#P04-951SA2) were obtained from PAN Biotech. Ultrapure lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli K12 (#tlrl-peklps), and ATP (#tlrl-atpl) were purchased from Invivogen. TE buffer (#A0386.1000), and DMSO (#A3672-0250) were from AppliChem, M-CSF (#130-101-705) from Miltenyi Biotech, and mouse recombinant IFN-g (#87389.100) from Biomol.
Primers for qRT-PCR were purchased from Eurofins Genomics. Other chemicals were obtained from either Sigma-Aldrich or Carl Roth unless stated otherwise.
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5

Inflammatory Cytokine Assay Protocol

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Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM, high glucose, 11965092), fetal bovine serum (FBS, 10099141), Lipofectamine™ 2000 (11668019), Pierce™ BCA Protein Assay Kit (23225), and Thermo Scientific RevertAid Mix (M16325) were purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Protease inhibitor cOmplete™ Cocktail (4693116001) was purchased from Roche (Basel, Switzerland). PerfectStart™ Green qPCR SuperMix (AQ601) was purchased from TransGen Biotech (Beijing, China). NucleoZOL (740404) was purchased from MACHEREY-NAGEL (MN, Düren, Deutschland). Mouse IL-1β ELISA kit (1210122), human IL-1β ELISA kit (1110122), mouse IL-6 ELISA kit (1210602), and mouse TNF-α ELISA kit (1217202) were purchased from DAKEWE (Shenzhen, China). LPS (L2880) was purchased from Sigma (Missouri, USA). ATP (tlrl-atpl) and MSU (tlrl-msu) were purchased from In vivoGen.
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