Xs205

Manufactured by Mettler Toledo

Sourced in Switzerland, United States, Germany

The XS205 is a precision analytical balance from Mettler Toledo. It offers a maximum capacity of 220 grams and a readability of 0.01 milligrams. The balance is designed for high-accuracy weighing in laboratory applications.

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Spelling variants of this product

XS205 Dual Range (12 citations) XS205 DualRange analytical balance (4 citations) XS205 Dual Range Balance (2 citations)

22 protocols using xs205

Hemolymph and Larval Metabolite Profiling

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Hemolymph samples were collected as described previously (Bodemann et al.2012 (link)) in capillaries that were sealed immediately after collection and stored at −20 °C until use. Hemolymph weight was determined by measuring the weight of a filled capillary minus its dry empty weight (Mettler-Toledo XS 205, Greifensee, Switzerland). For LC-MS measurements, the hemolymph was diluted with 50 % aqueous MeOH in a ratio of 1 μl hemolymph per 100 μl solvent. Frass samples of P. cochleariae (2.5 mg), C. populi (13 mg), and C. lapponica (5 mg) were extracted with water and analyzed by LC-MS.
For crude extracts prepared from complete larvae, each larva was weighed individually using an ultra-microbalance (XS205; d = 0.01 mg; Mettler-Toledo, Greifensee, Switzerland). Individual larvae were frozen separately in liquid N₂ and macerated in 500 μl MeCN using a Geno grinder. After centrifugation (10,621 rpm, 10 min, room temperature), the supernatant was subject to LC-MS analysis.

Pauls G., Becker T., Rahfeld P., Gretscher R.R., Paetz C., Pasteels J., von Reuss S.H., Burse A, & Boland W. (2016). Two Defensive Lines in Juvenile Leaf Beetles; Esters of 3-nitropropionic Acid in the Hemolymph and Aposematic Warning. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 42, 240-248.

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Measuring Hydraulic Conductivity in Plants

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Immediately after shortening, the 30 mm long silicone tube containing the sealed stem segment was connected to an apparatus to measure flow rate and acropetally flushed with a filtered (0.2 μm), degassed 10 mM KCl solution at a pressure of 100 kPa for 20 min to remove embolism. The connections formed with the silicone tube end-pieces were tightened by gluing plasticine (UHU Patafix; UHU Ltd., Bühl, Germany) and Parafilm (Pechiney Plastic Packaging Company, Chicago, IL, USA) around them. After embolism removal, the flow rate was measured for 30 min under a stable pressure gradient of 40 kPa by directing the solution to a precise analytical balance (Mettler-Tolledo XS205; Mettler-Toledo, Giessen, Germany) connected to a computer with LabView 8.0 software (National Instruments, Austin, TX, USA) to acquire the data in 20 s intervals (Sperry et al., 2005 (link)). The experimentally measured hydraulic conductivity (K_h) was calculated as:

K_{h} = \frac{F L}{Δ P}

Where F is the flow rate, L is the length of segment, and ΔP is the pressure gradient.

Jupa R., Didi V., Hejátko J, & Gloser V. (2015). An improved method for the visualization of conductive vessels in Arabidopsis thaliana inflorescence stems. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6, 211.

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Gravimetric Water Absorption Measurement

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An amount of absorbed water in samples was determined by gravimetric measurements. The samples were weighed on a regular basis using analytical scales XS205 (±0.01 mg Mettler Toledo, Columbus, OH, USA), and the relative weight changes [%] were calculated as weight gain per weight unit:

w = \frac{m_{t} - m_{0}}{m_{0}} \times 100

where

m_{t}

is the weight of the immersed sample at time t, and

m_{0}

is the weight of the reference sample. Replicate samples of each composition were taken out of the water by groups, wiped with blotting paper to remove water from the surface, and weighed following the same sequence. Measuring time of each of the group of samples did not exceed five minutes. The mean values were calculated from data of five replicate samples.

Starkova O., Platnieks O., Sabalina A, & Gaidukovs S. (2022). Hydrothermal Ageing Effect on Reinforcement Efficiency of Nanofibrillated Cellulose/Biobased Poly(butylene succinate) Composites. Polymers, 14(2), 221.

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Tuning BMP-2 Release in Laponite Bioink

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To investigate whether the addition of laponite can tailor the growth factor release profile over a long culture period, a base bioink (Fast BMP-2 Release) and a laponite bioink (Slow BMP-2 Release) were compared. For both growth factor release profiles, a dual-syringe approach was used to deliver BMP-2 (200 ng/ml; PeproTech, UK) to the solutions before precross-linking with 60 mM CaSO₄ to make the bioinks. These were printed into a 100 mM CaCl₂ soak agarose mold to generate final constructs of Ø 6 mm by 6 mm high. In addition to comparing the growth factor release profile of the two bioinks, the degradation rate of the bioinks was also investigated. These scaffolds were cultured in normoxic conditions for up to 35 days and media from each sample were changed weekly. For BMP-2 release study, medium samples were taken (days 0, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 35) and snap-frozen at −80°C. Printed hydrogels were also snap-frozen at −80°C on day 0 to quantify the concentration of growth factor present in the constructs directly after printing. For the degradation study, samples were washed and snap-frozen at −80°C and each time point (days 0, 5, 7, 14, and 21). Samples were lyophilized by placing the samples in a freeze dryer (FreeZone Triad, Labconco, Kansas City, USA). Each sample was then weighed using an analytical balance (Mettler Toledo, XS205).

Freeman F.E., Pitacco P., van Dommelen L.H., Nulty J., Browe D.C., Shin J.Y., Alsberg E, & Kelly D.J. (2020). 3D bioprinting spatiotemporally defined patterns of growth factors to tightly control tissue regeneration. Science Advances, 6(33), eabb5093.

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Density Determination by Water Displacement

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The density was determined by using balance (XS205 Mettler Toledo). The sample weight was labelled as m before being submerged into distilled water. The volume of liquid displaced after the submersion was recorded as V and the density ρ was calculated from Equation (1). Five measurements were conducted at 26 °C and the average value was computed.

ρ = \frac{m}{V}

Nazrin A., Sapuan S.M, & Zuhri M.Y. (2020). Mechanical, Physical and Thermal Properties of Sugar Palm Nanocellulose Reinforced Thermoplastic Starch (TPS)/Poly (Lactic Acid) (PLA) Blend Bionanocomposites. Polymers, 12(10), 2216.

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Water Uptake Behaviour of Composite Samples

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In order to determine water uptake behaviour, the composite samples of various sizes (Table 3) were immersed in Ringer’s solution. Two types of composites of three different sizes were tested, which gives a total of 6 independent groups (n = 3). Three samples from each group were placed individually in wells of sterile culture plate and soaked in 10 mL of Ringer’s solution (990 mL of ultrapure water + 8.6 g NaCl + 0.3 g KCl + 0.48 g CaCl₂). Incubation was carried out for 48 h at 37 °C to simulate the temperature of human body. All samples were weighed on an analytical balance with accuracy 0.00001 g (XS205, Mettler-Toledo, Switzerland) before and during incubation in solution at defined time points (after 1, 3, 10, 20, 40 min and 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48 h). Excess of the fluid was removed before weight measurement using Whatman article.

Borkowski L., Przekora A., Belcarz A., Palka K., Jojczuk M., Lukasiewicz P., Nogalski A, & Ginalska G. (2021). Highly Porous Fluorapatite/β-1,3-Glucan Composite for Bone Tissue Regeneration: Characterization and In-Vitro Assessment of Biomedical Potential. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(19), 10414.

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PCL Fiber Degradation in Physiological Conditions

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To assess the loss of mass and mechanical integrity due to PCL degradation in physiological salt conditions, 3 cm sections of fibers (n = 5 for each condition and time point, total n = 80) were cut and weighed individually on an analytical balance (Mettler Toledo XS205). The fiber sections were then placed into phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) at 37 °C. After a defined period (up to 30 days), the fibers were removed and rinsed with deionized water and allowed to dry. They were weighed again and subjected to tensile testing.

Schmitt P.R., Dwyer K.D., Minor A.J, & Coulombe K.L. (2022). Wet-Spun Polycaprolactone Scaffolds Provide Customizable Anisotropic Viscoelastic Mechanics for Engineered Cardiac Tissues. Polymers, 14(21), 4571.

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Gas Exchange and Specific Leaf Area Measurement

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In 2017, A, g_s, c_i/c_a, and iWUE were measured using four LI-6400 portable photosynthesis systems incorporating an infrared gas analyzer (LI-COR, Lincoln, NE, USA) that was run simultaneously using the protocol of Choquette et al. (2019) . Rates of gas exchange measured in this manner have previously been shown to correspond well with in-situ measurements under well-watered conditions (Markelz et al., 2011 (link); Wolz et al., 2017 (link)). In addition to being rapid, the approach benefits from avoiding short-term changes in water potential that occur in the field, and that may limit photosynthesis. Four leaf disks were sampled using a leaf punch from the same leaf sampled for stomata scanning. Leaf disks were dried in an oven at 60°C before being weighed on a precision balance (Mettler Toledo XS205, OH, USA). SLA (cm² g⁻¹) was calculated as the area for leaf punch divided by the mean leaf disk weight.

Xie J., Fernandes S.B., Mayfield-Jones D., Erice G., Choi M., E Lipka A, & Leakey A.D. (2021). Optical topometry and machine learning to rapidly phenotype stomatal patterning traits for maize QTL mapping. Plant Physiology, 187(3), 1462-1480.

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Alginate Degradation Kinetics in Vitro

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To determine the degradation rates over time of the two molecular weight alginates, 3.5% (w/v) alginate solutions of high and low MW were prepared in high glucose DMEM. These alginate solutions were pre-crosslinked with 60 mM of either CaCO₃, CaCl₂ or CaSO₄ at the pre-determined optimum cross-linking ratios, and cast in an agarose block to generate constructs of Ø 6 mm by 6 mm high. Each construct was crosslinked again post-casting in a bath 60 mM CaCl₂ for 1 minute. Each construct was cultured in growth medium for 21 days in normoxic conditions. Media from each sample was changed twice weekly. At each time point (Day 0, 7, 14 and 21) samples were washed and snap frozen at −80 °C. Samples were lyophilised by placing the samples in a freeze dryer (FreeZone Triad, Labconco, KC, USA). Briefly, the samples were initially frozen to −30 °C at a rate of −1 °C/min, this temperature was held for 1 hour before rising to −10 °C at a rate of +1 °C/min. Once at −10 °C, this temperature was maintained under a vacuum of 0.200 mBar for 24 hours before the temperature was increased to +20 °C at a rate of +1 °C/min^{60 (link)}. Each sample was then weighed using an analytical balance (Mettler Toledo, XS205).

Freeman F.E, & Kelly D.J. (2017). Tuning Alginate Bioink Stiffness and Composition for Controlled Growth Factor Delivery and to Spatially Direct MSC Fate within Bioprinted Tissues. Scientific Reports, 7, 17042.

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UPLC-MS/MS Analysis of Compounds

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The assay was performed with a triple-quadrupole ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system (Xevo TQ-S, Waters Corp., Milford, MA, USA). Unifi 1.9.3 software (Waters Corp., Milford, MA, USA) was used to collect the analyzed data. The chromatographic separation of the samples was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm, Waters, Milford, MA, USA). In addition, electronic scales XS205 (METTLER TOLEDO, Greifensee, Switzerland) were used for weighing the powder. An electric separator (Multipette E3), pipettes (Research), and the centrifuge (5417R) were obtained from Eppendorf (Hamburg, Germany). A vortex mixer (Vortex 2, IKA, Staufen, Germany) was also used in the assay.

Sun Q., Hong Y., Yang Z., He P., Chen C., Wang J, & Weng Q. (2022). An Efficient UPLC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone in Rat Plasma and Its Application to a Toxicokinetic Study. Molecules, 27(22), 7947.

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