Imaging of samples was obtained using a scanning electron microscope (Quanta 200 FESEM). Prior to imaging, lyophilized cross sections were sputter coated (Biorad SC500, Hemel Hempstead, UK) with a thin layer of gold or platinum/palladium mixture.
Sc500
Manufactured by Bio-Rad
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States
The SC500 is a laboratory instrument designed for centrifugation. It features a compact and durable construction, and is capable of processing a variety of sample sizes and types. The SC500 is intended for use in research and clinical laboratories to separate components of liquid mixtures based on their density differences.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
12 protocols using sc500
1
Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging
2
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Powder Samples
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The surface and microstructure of DFs were observed by SEM (S-3400 scanning electron microscope, Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) at 20 kV. Powder samples were mounted on metal stubs and sputter-coated with a 10 nm gold and palladium layer by Ion Sputter (Bio-Rad SC-500).
3
Preparation and SEM Imaging of C. auris
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C. auris DSB samples were prepared by overnight incubation of discs in a 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution (ACROS Organics™, Fisher Scientific, Loughborough, UK) followed by immersion in successive concentrations of 10%, 25%, 50%, 70%, 90%, and 100% ethanol (Honeywell, Fisher Scientific Ltd., Loughborough, UK) for 10 min each. Prior to scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Carl Zeiss Ltd., Cambridge, UK) scanning, samples were coated with 20 nm of AuPd coating with a sputter coater (SC500, Biorad, UK). Secondary electron images were acquired with a beam energy of 5 kV using an in-lens detector on a Sigma HD Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscope (Carl Zeiss Ltd., Cambridge, UK) at ×2000 and ×10,000 magnification and a 5 mm working distance. SEM images were false-colored to help visualization and contrast using GNU Image manipulation program (GIMP 2.8) software. Images were not otherwise altered.
4
Hydrogel Morphology Characterization
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Morphology of hydrogels were studied at different pH. In this regard, dried hydrogel disk (weight approx. 100 mg) were soaked in various phosphate buffer pHs (1.5, 5.8, and 7.4) for 24 h. Afterward hydrogel disks were washed with water and freeze-dried for morphology analysis. The external morphology and porous structure of the hydrogels were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (SC500; BioRad, London, UK). The samples were mounted on an aluminum stub and coated with gold in a sputter coater under an argon atmosphere.
5
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Tubing
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One-centimetre sections of tubing were cut in half lengthwise and incubated overnight in 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution (Contain; Fisher Scientific), followed by immersion in successive concentrations of ethanol for 10 min each (10%, 25%, 50%, 70%, 90%, 100%). Prior to scanning electron microscopy scanning, samples were coated with 20 nm AuPd coating with sputter coater (SC500; Biorad, Hercules, CA, USA). Secondary electron images were acquired with a beam energy of 5 kV using an in-lens detector on a Sigma HD field emission gun scanning electron microscope (Carl Zeiss Ltd., Cambridge, UK) at 1000x magnification and 5e7-mm working distance with the help of the Earth and Ocean Sciences Department, Cardiff University, UK. The images were false-coloured using GNU Image manipulation program (GIMP 2.8) software. The images were not otherwise altered.
6
Mineralogical Analysis via XRD and SEM-EDS
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X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis for bulk semi-quantitative qualitative mineralogy analysis was undertaken with a PANalytical Xpert-pro and a Bruker D8 ADVANCE diffractometers at Cardiff University and University of Poitiers, respectively, as previously described69 –71 (link). SEM-EDS analysis was performed with an Oxford FEI-XL30 fitted Environmental SEM (ESEM) connected to an EDS system at Cardiff University. Analyses were conducted on polished thin sections coated with carbon to a thickness of 14 nm with a BIO-RAD SC500 sputter. The SEM-EDS analyses were run at a working distance of 8.9 mm and a 15 kV accelerating voltage. Backscattered elemental maps, point-specific atomic composition and spectra were combined to identify putative mineral phases. Semi-quantitative XRD analyses of the relative abundance of the mineral assemblages was calculated using the integrated area ratios of the principal peaks after decomposition by the FYTIK program72 (link).
7
Hydrogel Imaging Using SEM and Confocal Microscopy
8
Microhardness Evaluation of Fractured Specimens
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Fractured flexural strength specimens were used for microhardness measurements. Samples were surface coated with a thin gold layer in a sputter-coater (SC500, Bio-rad, Watford, UK) to improve reading. Vickers microhardness (MH3, Mekton, Bursa, Turkey) was measured under a 500 g load and a 20 s dwell time. Twenty measurements distributed on five specimens were made for each material.
9
Evaluating Wear Behavior via Surface Roughness
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The wear behavior of abrader specimen was evaluated by measuring the surface roughness because the wear volume could not be measured on abrader specimens (TZP). Each abrader specimen was coated with Au-Pd using a sputter coater (SC 500, Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). A 3D scanning electron microscope (ERA-8900, Elionix, Tokyo, Japan) was used to acquire 3-dimensional data in an area of 120×80 μm with a Gaussian filter value of 40 μm. Subsequently, arithmetic mean roughness (Sa) before and after wear test was determined.
10
Surface Microhardness Evaluation
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The samples tested in flexural strength were then used to determine the surface microhardness, i.e. 10 samples for each group (n=50, 10×5) at 24 h, and 10 others for each group (n=50, 10×5) after 12 months. Their surfaces were coated with a thin gold layer (10 nm), in a sputtercoater (SC500, Bio-Rad), in order to improve reading. Surface microhardness was measured using a Vickers indenter (MH3, Metkon, Bursa, Turkey), under a 200-N load and a 20-s dwell time. Thirty indents were performed on the 10 samples of each group (3 indents per bar). The microhardness of each group was taken from the average microhardness of these 30 indents.
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