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San autoanalyzer

Manufactured by Skalar
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Sourced in Netherlands

The San ++ autoanalyzer is a laboratory instrument designed for automated chemical analysis. It is capable of performing various analytical tests and measurements on a wide range of sample types. The core function of the San ++ is to provide accurate and reliable data through its automated processes.

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No 42 filter, by Cytiva (1 mentions)

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Autoanalyzer (18 citations) SAN plus autoanalyzer (4 citations) SKALAR San + + system autoanalyzer (2 citations)

5 protocols using san autoanalyzer

1

Soil Leachate Elemental Analysis

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For each soil and leaching rate replication (n = 4), the leachate was collected from the bottom of each column and analyzed to determine cations and anions concentration. Leachate was filtered through Whatman No. 42 filter and acidified with HCl. The leachate content on extractable cooper (Cu2+), iron (Fe2+), zinc (Zn2+), manganese (Mn2+) and potassium (K+) was determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Varian 240 AA Fast Sequential, air + acetylene). The content on ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), chloride (Cl−), sulfate (SO42-), phosphorus (H2PO4-), calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) was determined colorimetrically on a Skalar San ++ autoanalyzer according to Skalar standard methods. Boron (B) was determined colorimetrically using the Azomethine-H method (UV-Visible Varian). Appropriate dilutions were made from the original leachates for the final analyze determination. The results were reported using the average of four replicates columns.
The soil element loss through leaching was deduced from Eq. (1): Soilelementloss(meq 100 g−1)=Elementcontentintheleachate(meq l−1)xLeachingrate(l)Columnsoil weight(g)*100
Amlal F., Drissi S., Makroum K., Dhassi K., Er-rezza H, & Aït Houssa A. (2020). Influence of soil characteristics and leaching rate on copper migration: column test. Heliyon, 6(2), e03375.
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2

Quantifying Nitrogen Components in Maize

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After 24 h of treatment, samples of shoots and roots of maize were dried and their total N content was determined using a Carlo-Erba CHN analyser. For urea and ammonium determination, leaves and roots of maize were sampled and processed as described by Witte et al. (2002 (link)). The urea content was quantified using the diacetyl monoxime and thiosemicarbazide reagents and measuring the absorbance at 527 nm. The ammonium quantification was performed using the Barthelot reagent (EN ISO 11732) on a San++ Autoanalyzer (Skalar), the absorbance was determined at 660 nm.
Zanin L., Venuti S., Tomasi N., Zamboni A., De Brito Francisco R.M., Varanini Z, & Pinton R. (2016). Short-Term Treatment with the Urease Inhibitor N-(n-Butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide (NBPT) Alters Urea Assimilation and Modulates Transcriptional Profiles of Genes Involved in Primary and Secondary Metabolism in Maize Seedlings. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, 845.
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3

Lichen N and P Quantification

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After finishing test 1.2.2, three lichen individuals were collected from one treatment, oven-dried and milled into powder, respectively, then three replicates were conducted for each nitrogen treatment. For each sample, about 500 mg of lichen material was digested with H2O2-H2SO4. Then phosphorus concentration (PC) was determined by phosphorus molybdenum heteropoly acid (PMA)-Malachite green spectrophotometry methods at 650 nm (Yang et al., 2018 ), nitrate, ammonium, and total N concentration (NC) in the digestion was determined with a San+++ auto analyzer (Skalar, Breda, Netherlands).
Wang C.H., Wang M., Jia R.Z, & Guo H. (2018). Thalli Growth, Propagule Survival, and Integrated Physiological Response to Nitrogen Stress of Ramalina calicaris var. japonica in Shennongjia Mountain (China). Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 568.
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4

Annual Soil Nutrient Assessment

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After the last harvest of the year, soil samples were taken from each plot with an auger at the depths of 0-0.02, 0.02-0.10, and 0.10-0.25 m on October 23, 2017 and September 25, 2018. Easily available total N and inorganic N (NH 4 ? -N and NO 3 --N) were extracted from fresh soil samples with 2 M KCl at a soil:solution ratio of 1:5 (w:v) for 2 h. The suspensions were filtered and frozen until analyzed for NH 4 ? -N and NO 3 --N with a Skalar San ?? autoanalyzer. Soluble organic N (SON) was taken as the difference between soluble total N acquired after oxidative digestion and inorganic N. Soil S was analyzed from acid ammonium acetate (AAAc, 0.5 M CH 3 COONH 4 , 0.5 M CH 3 COOH, pH 4.65, at a soil:solution ratio of 1:10 (v/v) for 1 h) extracts obtained according to Vuorinen and Ma ¨kitie (1955) . Soil pH was measured in a soil-water suspension (1:2.5 v:v).
Keskinen R., Termonen M., Salo T., Luostarinen S, & Räty M. (2022). Slurry acidification outperformed injection as an ammonia emission-reducing technique in boreal grass cultivation. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst., 122(2).
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5

Algae Biomass Nutrient Analysis

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Dried algae biomass samples (∼20 mg) were directly analyzed for N and P content using San ++ autoanalyzer (SKALAR, Netherlands) in triplicate. Water samples were analyzed for total nitrogen (TP) and total phosphate (TP) using standard spectrometric methods (APHA, 1998).
Marella T.K., Datta A., Patil M.D., Dixit S., Tiwari A, & Tiwari A. (2019). Biodiesel production through algal cultivation in urban wastewater using algal floway. Bioresource technology, 280.
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